Franciscan Museum
The Franciscan Museum in the former Franciscan monastery in Villingen-Schwenningen in the Villingen district is a cultural-historical museum with a collection focus on the city's history from its beginnings to the present day, the folklore of the Black Forest and the Celtic prince's grave Magdalenenberg .
history
Franciscan and Minorite monasteries
In Villingen from 1268 to 1797 there was a monastery of the Franciscan order founded in 1210 , which initially belonged to the Custody of Lake Constance of the Upper German (Strasbourg) order province of Argentina . The brothers of the order, founded in 1210, had been called to Villingen by Count Heinrich I von Fürstenberg , and he assured the convent of protection and support. On January 15, 1268, the brothers settled in the city. The church was founded on April 27, 1292 by Bishop Boniface ordained ; construction was delayed by the city fire of 1271.
The provincial chapter of the order province met 26 times in Villingen over the next few centuries . There were 12 brotherhoods at the monastery and the brothers ran a high school . When the Franciscan order was divided because of the poverty issue in 1517, the Villingen brothers joined the moderate group, the conventuals or minorites . The monastery and church were destroyed by Tallard's troops in 1704 and rebuilt in 1711.
As part of the secularization of the monasteries operated by Empress Maria Theresia and Emperor Joseph II , the Villingen Minorite Monastery was abolished in 1797.
Creation of the collection
In 1876, the Villingen bookseller Ferdinand Förderer (1814-1889), publisher of the newspaper Der Schwarzwälder , and the pastor Johann Nepomuk Oberle (* in Villingen, 1807-1891), together with like-minded people, founded an antiquities collection , which they also asked the population to create Call for cooperation. The collection was housed in the old town hall in Villingen.
After purchasing the tapestries in 1910 and the Robert Bichweiler collection and Oskar Spiegelhalder's Black Forest collection in 1929, the city decided to expand the former Franciscan monastery, but the global economic crisis forced savings, so that under Paul Revellio the exhibition was initially in the department store and later in the former Orphanage took place. During the Second World War , the collection had to be outsourced several times, and a total of 11 external depots were created. The collections were then housed in the Old Town Hall, where a small part is still located today. The excavation of the Magdalenenberg under the direction of Konrad Spindler from 1970 to 1974 required the construction of a new museum, which did not seem financially justifiable, so it was decided to develop the former Franciscan monastery. Since 1978, the monastery complex with the museum has been expanded into a cultural center, which was reopened in 1999. Since then, around 7000 years of human history can be experienced on a permanent exhibition area of 2,151 square meters.
Exhibitions
City history
The city history department ( "City history from the beginnings to the present" ) is subdivided into the "City history up to 1800" and the "City history from 1800 to today":
- The section “City History up to 1800” is one of the oldest comprehensive city collections in Baden-Württemberg, from archaeological evidence to sacred art and everyday life. The medieval tapestries from the former St. Clara Monastery (Bickenkloster) and a minnet chest with motifs of women power are among the most valuable exhibits.
- The section "City history to this day" deals with the Villingen Carnival ( Fasnet ), the beginning of tourism in the 19th century and the local companies SABA and Kienzle . In the section "How does Villingen-Schwenningen tick?"
Celtic princely grave Magdalenenberg
The section “Celtic Prince's Grave Magdalenenberg” deals with the largest Celtic burial mound in Central Europe. The excavations began as early as 1890, but 126 subsequent burials in the mound were not discovered until the second archaeological investigation in the 1970s. The original burial chamber (8 × 6.5 m) fills almost the entire exhibition space. A large part of the finds can also be seen, especially weapons, jewelry and everyday objects, as well as a model of the tumulus.
Black Forest Collection
The "Black Forest Collection of Oskar Spiegelhalder " is a collection of folklore objects from the Black Forest that Spiegelhalder collected in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In addition to objects from various everyday areas, it also contains evidence of handicrafts, in particular Black Forest glass , Black Forest clocks , but also handicraft tools and traditional costumes .
Other exhibitions
- The permanent exhibition "Not just cabbage and beets: The municipal antiquities collection" documents the collecting activities of Villingen citizens in the 19th century.
- The exhibition “People, Work, Technology” is located in the corridor between the city history departments and the Celtic princely tomb Magdalenenberg . This conveys the development of work tools from the Stone Age to today's computer age.
- Changing special exhibitions on the ground floor of the monastery complex illuminate individual facets of the city and regional history.
Burial chamber of the Celtic princely tomb Magdalenenberg
Exhibition on violin making in the Black Forest in the sacristy
Mardi Gras exhibition
City history until 1800
Awards
In 2016, 15 schoolchildren who acted as peer guides through the special exhibition "Your Anne" were awarded the Joseph Haberer Prize from the city of Villingen-Schwenningen. In 2019, the Franziskanermuseum received the KeltenWelten association's prize for a multi-year mediation project based on systematic networking with other Celtic sites and museums.
Further use
From 1825 to 1978 the Heilig-Geist-Spital Villingen, first mentioned in 1286, was housed in the former Franciscan monastery and several outbuildings.
The former monastery church in the style of a mendicant order church now serves as a concert hall with 1000 seats and good acoustics. The former sacristy can be booked for weddings. The Tourist Information & Ticket Service and the museum shop in the glass foyer together with the museum form the Franziskaner cultural center . Guided tours take place every 2nd Sunday; separate appointments can be made for groups. There are museum educational offers for school classes, kindergartens and children's birthdays. A museum festival and Keltentag, a living history event , also take place every year. The Franciscan Museum is a member of the Museums-PASS-Musées and of the KeltenWelten association .
literature
- Binder Magnete (ed.), Josef Fuchs (text), Fred Hugel (photos), Uschi Binder (layout): Kunstschätze aus Villingen , 1969.
- Michael Hütt (Red.): Cultural history of Villingen from the Middle Ages to the end of the 18th century (= publications of the city archive and the city museums Villingen-Schwenningen, vol. 12). Villingen-Schwenningen: Franciscan Museum , Villingen-Schwenningen 1995, ISBN 3-927987-33-6 .
- Anita Auer (Ed.): Black Forest Violin Making , Franciscan Museum Villingen-Schwenningen , (= Publications of the City Archives and the City Museums Villingen-Schwenningen, Vol. 30). Villingen-Schwenningen 2004, ISBN 3-927987-87-5 .
- Anita Auer, Peter Graßmann: How does Villingen-Schwenningen tick? The magazine for the exhibition , Franziskanermuseum Villingen-Schwenningen, (= Publications of the City Archives and the City Museums Villingen-Schwenningen, vol. 41), Villingen-Schwenningen 2017, ISBN 978-3-939423-68-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Edith Boewe-Koob: A manuscript from the Franciscan monastery in Villingen. In: Geschichts- und Heimatverein Villingen: Writings , Volume XXIII. (1999-2000) [1]
- ↑ Black Forest Bote : Prize ennobles the Franciscan Museum of December 20, 2019, viewed on December 29, 2019
Coordinates: 48 ° 3 ′ 34.2 " N , 8 ° 27 ′ 24.6" E