I. Eisackstrasse municipal cemetery

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The I. Städtische Friedhof Eisackstrasse is located in the Schöneberg district of Berlin in the Tempelhof-Schöneberg district . It was created in 1883. The cemetery was reduced in size as part of the conversion of Berlin to the world capital Germania and the construction of the A 100 city motorway .

history

Self-employed Schöneberg

Original size and location of the cemetery

The cemetery, laid out in 1883, was Schöneberg's first community cemetery. At that time its size was 44,133 m², of which 7,605 m² was accounted for by the paths.

Weimar Republic

With the incorporation of Schöneberg into Greater Berlin , the cemetery became a municipal cemetery in the newly created Schöneberg district of Berlin.

In the course of planning for the southern area , the cemetery was to be converted into a park in the long term. On February 23, 1928, the district office decided to close the cemetery. The coordination with the magistrate and the police chief dragged on for a year and a half and only on September 10, 1929, the police chief approved the closure. However, after a shortage of grave sites appeared in 1932, the cemetery was reopened. The burial was to continue until 1944, so that after the 25-year rest period had expired, the site would have been available for other purposes from 1969.

time of the nationalsocialism

Honorary grave for Rudolph Wilde

In the course of the planned reconstruction of Berlin to become the “ World Capital Germania ”, the monumental Südbahnhof was to be built in the area of ​​today's Südkreuz station. The effects of the redesign of the track system extended to the Schöneberg cemetery. In February 1938, the Reichsbahn announced that in this context they needed an area in the northeastern area, sloping across the cemetery, for a railway line. Construction should start in June of the same year. But the route planning of the Reichsbahn was not completed until January 1939. The police chief declassified the area on April 3, 1939. On June 19, the removal of the tombstones began, one month later, on July 17, 1939, the reburial . If the descendants did not acquire a new grave site in another cemetery, they were relocated to the Wilmersdorfer Waldfriedhöfe Stahnsdorf or Güterfelde outside Berlin , even more remote than the former. The grave of Rudolph Wilde , the first mayor of Schöneberg, was also affected and was moved to the remaining part of the cemetery. On August 9, 1939, the reburial was completed. A total of 2778 transfers were carried out.

Sculpture The Sleep by Hermann Hosaeus

The cemetery chapel and the toilets, which were also located on the railway line, were not demolished for the time being and continued to be used. A replacement building designed in July 1939 was not implemented. In March 1942, the cemetery administration asked the Reichsbahn when a demolition of the cemetery buildings was to be expected. After the chapel was not demolished for the "Germania plans", it was destroyed in the Second World War . The extension with office and lounge was retained and the lounge was converted into a small party hall in the post-war period. Plans to rebuild the chapel, completed in 1951, were no longer implemented.

post war period

The Reichsbahn had already started to remove the land in almost the entire cleared cemetery area. After the Second World War, the allotment garden colony “Maxstraße e. V. ”, which bears this name to this day, although Maxstraße was renamed Kärntener Straße in 1963 . The cemetery area was reduced by about a third. A small cleared area around the chapel was re-occupied after the war.

Eduard Bernstein's tomb
Tomb for Kurt Hermann Rosenberg

Much more drastic than the Second World War was the construction of the A 100 city motorway for the cemetery . This leads diagonally across the cemetery area and halves the already reduced cemetery area. The office and the party hall were now on a small remaining area away from the cemetery and were demolished. As a replacement, a small, unadorned building was erected at the new main entrance on Eisackstrasse. The size of the cemetery was now only 18,380 m². The sculpture Der Schlaf by Hermann Hosaeus from 1907 was moved from a leveled private grave site to the southern corner of the remaining cemetery in 1969 when the site was cleared for the construction of the motorway.

The meanwhile enormous traffic noise of the adjacent motorway leads to an unsuitable atmosphere for a cemetery. As a result, the number of burials decreased significantly, and many grave sites have been unused for years.

Since January 1, 2006, there have been no more burials in the cemetery, so that the cemetery can be closed in 2036 according to a resolution of the Tempelhof-Schöneberg district.

Buried personalities

Personalities buried in the 1st municipal cemetery in Eisackstrasse are:

Development of the cemetery area

1885
1945
1970

See also

literature

  • Hans-Jürgen Mende: Lexicon of Berlin tombs . Haude & Spener, Berlin 2005. ISBN 3-7759-0476-X
  • Architects and Engineers Association of Berlin (Ed.): Berlin and its buildings, Part X, Volume A Systems and buildings for supply, (3) funeral services . Wilhelm Ernst & Son, Berlin 1981. ISBN 3-433-00890-6

Web links

Commons : I. Städtischer Friedhof Eisackstrasse  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Overview plan of the 1st municipal cemetery in Maxstrasse , archive on the history of Tempelhof and Schöneberg
  2. ↑ Landesarchiv Berlin, A Rep. 009 No. 32347
  3. ↑ Helmut Winz: It was in Schöneberg / From 700 years of Schöneberg history . District Office Schöneberg of Berlin (ed.), Berlin 1964
  4. ↑ a b Landesarchiv Berlin, A Rep. 009 No. 31447
  5. ↑ Plan for a new office and lodging house on the Maxstrasse cemetery in Schöneberg , archive on the history of Tempelhof and Schöneberg
  6. ^ Plan I. Friedhof Max-Str., Section I , October 14, 1958, archive on the history of Tempelhof and Schöneberg
  7. ^ Plan for the restoration of the chapel on the Maxstrasse municipal cemetery , May 26, 1951, archive on the history of Tempelhof and Schöneberg
  8. ↑ According to Mende. Berlin and its buildings names 16,884 m², the Historical Cemetery Foundation 17,067 m²
  9. ↑ Stefanie Endlich, Bernd Wurlitzer: Sculptures and Monuments in Berlin , p. 92. Stapp Verlag, Berlin 1990. ISBN 3-87776-034-1 .
  10. ↑ Press release No. 572 of October 26, 2005 of the Tempelhof-Schöneberg district office
  11. ↑ Friedenauer Lokal-Anzeiger of July 1, 1908

Coordinates: 52 ° 28 ′ 34 "  N , 13 ° 20 ′ 46"  E