Cemetery on the Sachsenberg (Schwerin)
The cemetery on the Sachsenberg is a listed park cemetery of the Carl Friedrich Flemming Clinic and is now part of the Helios Clinics in Schwerin .
history
Sachsenberg is the field name for the hilly terminal moraine landscape between the outer Ziegelsee and the road to Wismar on the northern edge of Schwerin . On this site, which at the time belonged to the grand ducal domain of Groß Medewege and at that time a good half an hour from Schwerin, the young neurologist Carl Friedrich Flemming chose the location for a newly built sanatorium for the mentally ill in 1823, the Grand Ducal Insane Asylum .
Construction of mental hospital
The 180-meter-long, multi-wing, two-storey plastered building of the Sachsenberg sanatorium was built from 1825 onwards in a classicist style based on drafts by the court building officer Georg Adolph Demmler and the master builder Carl Heinrich Wünsch . The inauguration took place on January 15, 1830. It was the first new building for the mentally ill in Germany. The growing importance of the Sachsenberg sanatorium is reflected in the rapidly increasing number of patients, and so between 1881 and 1883 further additions were made by the chief building officer Georg Daniel . In 1911 and 1914, the secret building officer Gustav Hamann presented the draft plans for the fourth construction phase .
In the main house there was also a church room, a small chapel. Since the Sachsenberg mental hospital was opened , the patients there have been cared for by 21 chaplains, the Sachsenberg preachers . Among them were Schwerin cathedral preachers, pastors of the castle church, school preachers, provosts, superintendents and pastors; from 1913 to 1934 Karl Schmaltz was a pastor on the Sachsenberg. Today they are referred to as hospital chaplains.
Establishment of the park
At the same time as the establishment of the institution building, work began on redesigning the Sachsenberg site with mixed beech forests into a landscape park. Including small water basins , the swan pond is still preserved, a pleasure garden with English parts was laid out in 1833 on the slope towards the Ziegelsee . In the hilly landscape with the various bodies of water and views of the Ziegelsee, the then 11 hectare landscape park was created. In 1832 the neurologist Dr. Carl Friedrich Flemming the Ludwigsluster garden inspector August Schmidt. From 1859 Heinrich Ludwig Georg Panther worked as a gardener in Sachsenbergpark for 40 years. The park was later supplemented and expanded by the institutional cemetery and in 1912 had reached a size of 21.5 hectares.
Institution cemetery and chapel
In 1833, CF Flemming laid out a burial place for the first time in the area of today's cemetery. 118 burials had taken place by 1844, and the first cemetery was expanded in 1844. The court gardener August Klett, son of the famous Theodor Klett , played a key role in the second expansion in 1899 . The Grand Ducal Board of Trustees of the State Insane Asylum wanted one of the court gardeners to be involved in drawing up the plan. The Board of Trustees considers it important that the institution will churchyard a particularly nice area ... . In addition to the inventory plan with the occupancy until 1898, the design for enlarging the cemetery of the Sachsenberg insane asylum by August Klett is still preserved. With the second enlargement in 1899, the cemetery reached its present size. According to the church records, 3881 burials took place there by 1960.
In 1913 the death chapel was built on the western edge of the cemetery and inaugurated in 1914. It served as a morgue until 1945. Since the church in the main building of the clinic was destroyed by Russian soldiers in 1945, the chapel has been used for church services. As early as 1990 it was able to be restructured with funds from the SED assets . Today Protestant hospital services and occasional concerts take place here every fortnight.
During the First World War , 17 dead German and foreign soldiers and those who died in the hospital were buried in the prison cemetery. They got wooden crosses and in 1918 a 3.45 meter high granite cross with the inscription: 1914-1918 was erected. Five French soldiers were transferred to France in 1926. The remaining soldiers' graves were leveled in 1961, disregarding the statutory rest periods.
In World War II, new soldiers' graves were added. Occupancy began in January 1943 and ended in December 1959. As early as 1943, an approximately two-meter high oak cross is said to have been erected in memory of 28 German soldiers who died in the hospital's reserve hospital on Sachsenberg.
In 1945, on the Waschweg , near the institution cemetery, a small cemetery was created for the Russians who died in the hospital of the Sachsenberg sanatorium. A red star adorned the military cemetery. These dead were later transferred to the cemetery of the victims of fascism near the old cemetery . Order No. 184 of the Soviet Military Administration of December 1945 regulated the care and preparation of the graves of Soviet citizens and citizens of the Allied Nations. Each grave was to be marked with a mound and a wooden cross with name, nationality and date of death. The police of the city of Schwerin had to report about it. By 1946, 12 Russians, one French, 14 Poles, a Hungarian, a Czech, two Ukrainians and 12 British were buried in the cemetery among the foreign war dead. The English soldiers were reburied in the central cemetery in Berlin in 1947.
In 1959 there were 20 more burials, but in 1960 work began on leveling the no longer maintained grave sites. The existing war graves and the collective grave of 21 soldiers were not spared either. The only exceptions were the family grave of Carl Friedrich Flemming and the resting place of the Low German poet Rudolf Tarnow . With the creation of more lawns between the Kastanienallee and the lime avenues of the cemetery, the park design was continued in 1986. Today the few graves that still exist and the grave slabs that have been knocked over require cemetery maintenance.
Graves of famous personalities
Today there are only a few graves and individual grave slabs of famous personalities left in the cemetery, so
- the family grave of Carl Friedrich Flemming, covered with a large sandstone slab for his first wife Carolina Sophia Flemming, who died at the age of 24. Flemming himself was buried in 1880 in the old cemetery in grave field IIb at berth 544. It is incomprehensible why it was precisely on the grave site of the Secret Medical Council in 1961 that a new allocation took place. At the southwest corner of the main house, a stele reminds of the humanitarian work of an important neurologist. The memorial stone proclaims: The first, longstanding director of this institution, the pioneer of a humane psychiatry, the researching doctor and ingenious writer. The bronze relief Flemmings made in 1882 by the Dobbertin- born sculptor Gustav Willgohs .
- the collective grave of the institution director Johannes Fischer , who committed suicide with his family on May 15, 1945.
- Kammersänger, who worked at the Schwerin court theater from 1868 to 1890, and Karl Hill, who was a celebrated Wagner singer in Bayreuth . After his nervous condition worsened, he died on January 12, 1893 in the Schwerin mental hospital and was buried in the institution cemetery. The following inscription is placed on his gravestone: He was among his peers, a Margrave of Frau Musika, in her prosperous realms.
- near the small chapel is the resting place of the Low German poet Rudolf Tarnow . From 1906 until his death on May 19, 1933, he was senior manager at the Sachsenberg sanatorium in Schwerin. Next to his grave is that of his wife, daughter and son Walter. The third son, Rudi Tarnow, died in June 1944 near Dunkirk during World War II . Years later, at Rudolf Tarnow's funeral, a funeral oration was given again in Low German. Pastor Schoff concluded with the words: Val Minschen hett he Hart makt happily!
Karl Hill grave
Rudolf Tarnow family grave
Grave slab Hartwig von Blücher
- the grave slab of the Prussian officer Hartwig Ludwig von Blücher .
- Heinrich von Luckowitz, Royal Prussian Lieutenant in the 2nd Infantry Regiment, died on June 7, 1862.
Sources and literature
Unprinted sources
-
State Main Archive Schwerin
- LHAS 5.12-7 / 11 Mecklenburg Schwerin Ministry for Education, Art and Spiritual Medical Affairs. No. 8170 Emeritus of the clergy in the parish of Sachsenberg 1901–1916.
- State Church Archive Schwerin
- Church registers Schwerin, Sachsenberg 1830–1933.
- OKR Specialia Dept. 4. Parochial conditions of the lunatic asylum Schwerin, Sachsenberg 1829.
- Collection of photographs by Karl Schmaltz, photos MK / N 74 Schwerin, Sachsenberg, church hall, altar of the sanatorium and nursing home 1913–1934.
- Schwerin City Archives
- StAS Magistrat, No. 2426 Incorporation of the village of Sachsenberg 1938/39.
literature
- Jürgen Maier: Sachsenberg Landscape Park in Schwerin. Schwerin 1990, DNB 942222253 .
- Horst Alsleben : Discovered. Femming monument on the Sachsenberg. In: Mecklenburg-Magazin. No. 19, Schwerin 1996.
- Karl Heinz Oldag: Unforgettable. Their names are still known - a stroll through the old cemetery. Schwerin 1996, ISBN 3-910179-48-7 .
- Georg Dehio : Former idiot institute. In: Handbook of German Art Monuments, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Munich / Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-422-03081-6 , p. 551.
- Katja Pawlak: The cemetery on the grounds of the Sachsenbergpark. In: Military cemeteries and war cemeteries in the state capital Schwerin. Schwerin 2012, ISBN 978-3-9813709-1-1 , pp. 49-52.
Web links
- Literature about the cemetery on the Sachsenberg (Schwerin) in the state bibliography MV
- Information on the cemetery , Freundeskreis Sachsenberg
Individual evidence
- ^ Jürgen Maier: Sachsenberg landscape park in Schwerin. 1990, pp. 3-5.
- ↑ Georg Daniel: Former Idiotenanstalt Schwerin . 2000, p. 551.
- ^ Jürgen Maier: Sachsenberg landscape park in Schwerin. 1990, pp. 3, 7.
- ↑ LHAS 5.12-7 / 11 No. 53 Acta re. H. Panther's position as gardener of the sanatorium.
- ↑ Katja Pawlak: On the history of the park and cemetery. 2012, p. 49.
- ↑ LHAS 5.12-7 / 11 No. 201 Regulations on the funeral system .
- ^ Katja Pawlak: War dead were buried until 1945. 2012, p. 51.
- ↑ LHAS 6.11-11 Ministry of the Interior . No. 1806, report of February 25, 1946.
- ↑ Karl Heinz Oldag: Unforgotten - your names are still known. 1996, pp. 32-35.
- ↑ Horst Alsleben: Discovered. Flemming monument on the Sachsenberg. 1996 MM No. 19.
Coordinates: 53 ° 39 ′ 19.2 " N , 11 ° 24 ′ 43.1" E