Radio meter

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Funkmessgerät (also radio-meter short FuMG or only FuG) was the name commonly used for all of the German Wehrmacht before and during World War II radio engineering equipment used, the locating enemy aircraft and ships, for fire control of flak - and coastal artillery and for guiding fighter planes of the Air Force served.

These can be divided into active ( radar systems with transmitting and receiving devices) and passive devices (only receivers> radio monitoring devices , FuMB). The first active devices were initially referred to as DeTe systems or devices (" decimeter telegraphy ") for camouflage . The Peenemünde Army Research Institute used some active devices (“ Würzburg ” or “ Würzburg Riese ”) to track trajectories when testing the “ V2 ” rockets ( unit 4 ) .

The official name of the active devices was FuSE (radio transceiver). For the fire control radar systems of the coastal artillery and marine anti-aircraft guns , which were operated by the Navy , there was the designation FuMO (radio measuring locating device, e.g. FuMO 214 " Seeriese "). The FuMG 62 " Würzburg " was also called FMG 39 (Flak measuring device, introduced in 1939).

See also

Land-based active types

German radio measuring devices in World War II:

  • FuMO 301/302 " Freya 39 G / 40 G", from GEMA (Berlin), the first devices on frequencies around 250  MHz ( wavelength 1.2 m, ultra-short wave )
  • FuMG 80 "Freya", (GEMA), on 120–130 MHz (2.5–2.3 m), improved for a range of up to 200 km
  • FuSE / FuMG 62 or FMG 39 " Würzburg " from Telefunken , 560 MHz (53.6 cm, decimeter wave ), parabolic antenna (mirror) with 3 m diameter, most commonly used fire control radar
  • FuMG 40 "Mainz",
  • FuMG 40 L "Kurmark"
  • FuMG 43 "Leipnitz", "Freiburg",
  • FuMG 64 / FuMG 41 T / FuMO 221 "Mannheim", "Freiburg", "Koethen", from Telefunken
  • FuSE / FuMG 65 " Würzburg-Riese " from Telefunken, 560 MHz, with 7.5 m parabolic mirror for greater range, fire control radar for heavy flak and hunter guidance during night hunting , also as mobile devices (FuSE / FuMG 65 E) on railroad cars
  • FuMG 75 "Mannheim Riese", tracked the V1 and V2 , consisting of FuMG 64 "Mannheim" and FuMG 65 "Würzburg-Riese"
  • FuSE / FuMG 68 “ Ansbach ”, FuMO 216 in the Kriegsmarine, 560 MHz, with 4.5 m parabolic mirror for greater range, fire control radar for the flak
  • FuMG 77 “Marbach V” (initially called “Rotterheim”), first German centimeter wave device (9 cm wavelength) for permanent use, consisting of a transmitter and receiver of the aircraft on-board radar device FuG 240 “ Berlin ” in the 3-meter parabolic mirror of the “Mannheim “System
  • FuMG 76 " Marbach " (9 cm wavelength), larger and improved FuMG 77 "Marbach V" with rotating small dipole antenna inside the 4.5 meter "Ansbach" parabolic mirror and optical device for target acquisition (rough alignment)
  • "Forsthaus Z", (Telefunken, August 1944), prototype of the FuMG 74 "Kulmbach" system
  • FuMG 74 " Kulmbach ", (9 cm), centimeter-wave circular search radar system with 50 km range, with rotating 6-meter dipole antenna (20 revolutions / min.), Only two devices built for the two "Egerland" systems (see below)
  • FuMG 404 / FuMO 371 " Jagdschloß ", 62 pieces (44 of them put into operation), circular search systems with rotating antenna on an approx. 7 m high tower, transmitting antenna 3 m high and 24 m wide, above antennas for reception and the friend-enemy Detection of the “ first ”, GEMA development, built by Siemens
  • FuMG 405 "Jagdhütte", also "Jagdschloß X", "Jagdwagen" and "Jagdhaus" (all prototypes), for guiding hunters over long distances
  • FuMG 41 " Wassermann L " light, 125 MHz, remote finder, quadruple Freya antenna
  • FuMG 42 “ Wassermann S ” heavy, 125 MHz, remote finder, eight-fold Freya antenna
  • "Egerland" system for fire control of the flak, consisting of one FuMG 74 "Kulmbach" and one FuMG 76 "Marbach", which complement each other. The "Kulmbach" surveillance system monitored the entire area and after the initial location, the "Marbach" took over fire control. The command post was in a special structure "Bavaria"; Range 50 km, accuracy 35 m. Until the end of the Second World War there were only two test facilities; "Egerland" was the starting point for the later development of fire control systems for artillery and missile troops.

Land-based passive types

  • FuPeil A 100a "Kornax" (Telefunken / Blaupunkt) with Blaupunkt receiver " Korfu ", for displaying the H2S emissions on 2.5-3.75 GHz, range / sensitivity to Great Britain , "Kornax D9" for H2X devices on 7 , 5-11 GHz
  • FuMG, “ Klein Heidelberg –Parasit”, used the emission of the chain home radar to locate aircraft.

Airborne active types

  • FuG 25a " Erstling ", identifier for the own radar devices, from GEMA
  • FuG 101 radio altimeter from Siemens / LGW for twin-engine aircraft
  • FuG 136 " Nachtfee ", additional command for the "debut"
  • FuG 200 " Hohentwiel ", developed by C. Lorenz AG in Berlin
  • FuG 202, 212, 220 and 228 " Lichtenstein "
  • FuG 215, Pauke-A, fire control radar on 490 MHz
  • FuG 216, 217 and 218 " Neptune "
  • FuG 219, Weilheim, target search radar on 180 MHz, range up to 15 km
  • FuG 222, Pauke-S, fire control radar on 3 GHz
  • FuG 226, newcomer, identification interrogation device for night fighters, by Lorenz
  • FuG 240 " Berlin ", a target search radar from Telefunken
  • FuG 244, Bremen , AWACS for night hunters, a further development of the FuG240
  • FuG 247, Bremerhaven, fire control radar on 10 GHz with parabolic antenna in the aircraft nose
  • FuG 248, owl, fire control radar on 10 GHz with funnel antennas on the wing tips

Airborne passive types

Sea-based active types

Sea-based passive types

Others

  • FuPeil A40 "Heinrich", medium wave Adcock direction finder
  • FuPeil A 70h "Elektrola", in Fieseler Fi 103 (" Vergeltungswaffe  1") built-in tracking device to locate the impact

literature

  • F. Trenkle : The German radio direction finder and listening procedures until 1945 .
  • David Pritchard: The Radar War - Germany's Pioneering Achievement 1940-45 . Patrick Stephens., 1989.
  • Bill Gunston: Avionics - The Story and technology of aviation electronics . Patrick Stephens., 1990.
  • Roy Nesbit: The Tsetse and the U-boat . In: Airplane Monthly, May / June 1991.
  • Joachim Beckh: Blitz & Anker, Volume 2: Information Technology, History & Backgrounds. Books on Demand Verlag, Norderstedt 2010, ISBN 3-8334-2997-6 .

Web links