Géza Róheim

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Géza Róheim (born September 12, 1891 in Budapest , Austria-Hungary , † June 7, 1953 in New York City ) was a Hungarian-American psychoanalyst and author. He was the first psychoanalyst to undertake his own ethnological field research and later developed a general theory of culture . He is considered to be one of the forerunners of ethnopsychoanalysis .

Life

Géza Róheim came from a wealthy merchant family. He studied geography and anthropology at the universities of Leipzig , Berlin and finally Budapest , where he received his doctorate in 1914. Róheim did his training analysis with Sándor Ferenczi . During the time of the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919 he became the first professor of anthropology at the University of Budapest and a member of the local psychoanalytic society.

After the Polish-British ethnologist Bronisław Malinowski criticized psychoanalysis on the basis of his work on the Trobriander and questioned the universality of the Oedipus complex , Freud proposed to Róheim to re-examine this criticism. From 1928 to 1931 Roheim undertook four ethnological expeditions with financial support from Marie Bonaparte . He published the result of this in a book-sized article in 1932, Die Psychoanalyseischer Primitiver Kulturen . Wilhelm Reich , who in 1931 had affirmed Malinowski's thesis in the study Der Einbruch der Sexualmoral , welcomed the results of Róheim's expeditions because - against Róheim's intentions and his theoretical basic position - they put his, Reich's theory on a broader empirical basis.

After the transfer of power to the National Socialists in the German Empire, Róheim emigrated to the USA. At Worcester State Hospital , he worked with schizophrenics and continued doing research on psychoanalytic anthropology. Róheim died soon after his wife Llionka; Raphael Patai gave the funeral oration at his request.

Fonts (selection)

  • Spiegelzauber , International Psychoanalytischer Verlag, Vienna 1919.
  • The self. In: Imago , Volume 7, 1921, pp. 1-39, 142-179, 310-348, 453-504
  • Holy money in Melanesia. In: International Journal of Psychoanalysis . Volume 9, 1923, pp. 384-401.
  • Australian totemism. A Psycho-analytic Study in Anthropology. George Allen & Unwin, London 1925.
  • Social Anthropology. A Psycho-analytic Study of Anthropology and a History of Australian Totemism. Bonuses and Liveright, New York 1926.
  • Animism, Magic and the Divine King. Kegan Paul, Trench et al. Trubner & Co., London 1930.
  • Psychoanalysis of Primitive Culture Types. In: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. Volume 13, 1932, pp. 1-224.
    • The psychoanalysis of primitive cultures. In: Imago. Volume 18, 1932, pp. 269-563.
  • The Riddle of the Sphinx. Or, Human Origins. Hogarth Press, London 1943.
  • The Origin and Function of Culture (= Nervous and Mental Disease Monographs , No. 69), New York 1943.
  • The Eternal Ones of the Dream. A Psychoanalytic Interpretation of Australian Myth and Ritual. International Universities Press, New York 1945.
  • Psychoanalysis and Anthropology. Culture, Personality and the Unconscious. International Universities Press, New York 1950. 2nd ed. 1968.
    • Psychoanalysis and anthropology. Three studies on culture and the unconscious. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt / M. 1977.
  • The Gates of the Dream. International Universities Press, New York 1952.

Editor (partly with Werner Muensterberger)

  • Psychoanalysis and the Social Sciences. An Annual. International Universities Press, New York Volume 1, 1947. Volume 2, 1950. Volume 3, 1951. Volume 4, 1955. Volume 5, 1958. The series was continued under the title
  • The Psychoanalytic Study of Society. International Universities Press, New York. Werner Muenstenberger et al. (Ed.). Volume 1, Volume 2, 1962 Volume 3.

literature

  • George B. Wilbur, Werner Muensterberger (Eds.): Psychoanalysis and Culture. Essays in Honor of Geza Roheim. International Universities Press, New York 1951.
  • Bronisław Malinowki: Maternal Family and Oedipus Complex. In: Imago. 10, 1924, pp. 228-277.
  • Wilhelm Reich : Róheim's "Psychoanalysis of Primitive Cultures". In: Wilhelm Reich: The break in of sexual morality. 2nd edition, Verlag für Sexualpolitik, Copenhagen 1935, pp. 123–149.
  • Paul Robinson. The Freudian Left: Wilhelm Reich, Géza Róheim, Herbert Marcuse. Harper and Row, New York 1969.
  • Roger Dadoun: Géza Róheim. Payot, Paris 1972.
  • Hartmut Zinser : Myth and work: studies on psychoanalytic interpretation of myths using the example of Géza Róheim's study . Heymann, Wiesbaden 1977, ISBN 3-88055-029-8 (= studies and materials of anthropological research. Volume 3, No. 2: Edition Ethnos , also dissertation FU Berlin , Department 11 - Philosophy and Social Science 1975 under the title: To the relationship of myth and work ).
  • Johannes Reichmayr: Géza Róheim's psychoanalytically oriented collection of ethnological material. In: Johannes Reichmayr: Introduction to Ethnopsychoanalysis. History, theories and methods. Psychosozial-Verlag, Giessen ß2003, ISBN 3-89806-166-3 , pp. 46–51.
  • Roheim Geza , in: Élisabeth Roudinesco ; Michel Plon: Dictionary of Psychoanalysis: Names, Countries, Works, Terms . Translation. Vienna: Springer, 2004, ISBN 3-211-83748-5 , pp. 861–864

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Róheim, Géza
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian-American psychoanalyst and author
DATE OF BIRTH September 12, 1891
PLACE OF BIRTH Budapest
DATE OF DEATH June 7, 1953
Place of death New York City