Gaëtan Gatian de Clérambault
Gaëtan Henri Alfred Eduouard Léon Marie Gatian de Clérambault , Gaëtan Gatian de Clérambault for short (born July 2, 1872 in Bourges ; † November 17, 1934 in Malakoff ), was a French psychiatrist , ethnologist and photographer .
Life
Clérambault first studied law and applied arts, but then began studying medicine, which he completed in 1899. From 1902 he was an assistant doctor at the Paris psychiatric police hospital ( Infirmerie psychiatrique de la préfecture de police ). From 1903 to 1904 he stayed in Vienna as the personal physician of a noblewoman, learned the German language, but made no contact with Sigmund Freud, who at that time had already published his Interpretation of Dreams . In 1905 he worked again as a doctor in the Paris clinic, which he directed from 1920 until his death.
In 1914 he was drafted as a soldier and used on the German front. Clérambault, who took spectacular photos during the fighting, was seriously wounded during the fighting and was sent to Morocco to recover. There he took more than a thousand photos of the local population. He was particularly interested in the cloth-rich and pleated robes of the Moroccan women, of which he took detailed photographs. At the Paris “Ècole des Beaux-Arts” he later taught drapery , the art of drawing folds and folds, to students . There he also taught historical and ethnographic costume studies and wrote essays on the art of drapery.
On January 31, 1918, he was discharged from the French army and awarded the Legion of Honor and the military order Croix de guerre with Palme. Back in Paris, in addition to his work as a psychiatrist, he taught students, including the young Lacan . Lacan later referred to him as "his only teacher in the observation of the sick".
Clérambault, who was gradually going blind, described in a study exactly his perception, which had changed as a result of going blind, and in 1934 shot himself with an army weapon in front of a mirror in his house in Malakoff.
Except for a few descriptions of clinical cases that were published at the instigation of his students in 1942, his extensive estate is largely scientifically undeveloped.
Psychiatric research
Clérambault described five cases of erotomania between 1916 and 1923 in which a person, usually a woman, gives himself up to the illusion that he is loved by someone, usually a person of high social status . Clérambault distinguishes between three stages: The first phase, in which the person woos the desired person hopefully and optimistically, is followed by a time of disappointment and emotional pain, which in a third stage changes into resentment and aggressiveness, where violent attacks can occur . In the literature, the phenomenon is called Clérambault syndrome .
He called the variant of the maddening mania associated with a paranoid - schizophrenic appearance as érotomanie symptomatique .
The Kandinsky-Clérambault syndrome , which Clérambault and the Russian psychiatrist Victor Kandinsky (1825-1889) have independently described, is the appearance of a mental illness in which the patient is convinced that he is not in control of his mind and of his actions and is controlled and manipulated by an external authority.
The photographic estate
The negative plates of his photos are now in the Musée de l'Homme in the Palais de Chaillot in Paris . A selection of his photos was exhibited in the Center Pompidou in 1990 . 485 architectural photos attributed to Clérambault are kept in the archive of the French Médiathèque du Patrimoine.
Reception in art, literature and film
The French novelist and pacifist Romain Rolland wrote a book about him called Clérambault. Histoire d'une conscience libre pendant la guerre (German: 'Clérambault. History of a free conscience during the war'), published in 1921. Using the example of Clérambault, who under the impression of the horrors of war and a general moral decline in the poisoned climate of a degenerate Nationalism is thrown back into total isolation, he describes the transformation of his protagonist into a pacifist.
The Swiss author François Conod wrote a play in 1989 entitled Clérambault: La passion des étoffes . The phenomenon of erotomania described by Clérambault , the "Clérambault syndrome", served the Irish author Ian McEwan as the basis for his novel Liebeswahn ( Enduring Love , 1997), in which he describes the case of a homoerotic obsession. McEwan's novel was filmed in 2004 with Daniel Craig , Samantha Morton and Rhys Ifans in the leading roles of Roger Michell under the title Liebeswahn - Enduring Love .
Clérambault syndrome is a theme in the film The Death Drug in the crime series Lewis - The Oxford Crime (Season 5, Episode 3).
Cases of fabric and silk fetishism among women that he describes were published in 2004 and 2008 under the titles L'orgasme de la soie (German: 'Orgasm of silk') and La passion érotique des étoffes chez la femme (German: 'Erotic passion for fabrics at the woman ') staged in theaters in Rouen and Nantes.
The first film by the French director Yvon Marciano (1953–2011), The Scream of Silk (original title: Le cri de la soie) with Sergio Castellitto , Marie Trintignant and Anémone in the lead roles, is inspired by Clérambault and his research on silk fetishism.
Fonts
- Oeuvre psychiatrique . Paris, PUF, 1942 (2 vols.). Facs.ed .: Oeuvres psychiatriques . Frénésie, Paris 1987, ISBN 2-906225-07-X .
- Contribution à l'étude de l'othématome (pathogénie, anatomie pathologique et traitement) . Thèse, Paris 1899.
- Érotomania Pure. Érotomanie Associée . Presentation de malade, 1921.
- Passion érotique des étoffes chez la femme. In: Archives d'anthropologie criminelle de Médecine légale et de psychologie normal et pathologique. Vol. 25. Paris 1910, pp. 583-589 full text .
- Syndrome mécanique et conception mécanisiste des psychoses hallucinatoires .
- Oeuvres Choisies, Réédition . Editions de la Conquête 2017.
literature
- Clérambault. Maitre de Lacan . In: Marshall Needleman Armintor: Lacan and the Ghosts of Modernity. New York 2004, pp. 31-41. ISBN 0-8204-6906-8
- Gatian de Clérambault, Gaëtan . In: Élisabeth Roudinesco , Michel Plon: Dictionary of Psychoanalysis: Names, Countries, Works, Terms . Translation from French. Springer, Vienna 2004, p. 326 f. ISBN 3-211-83748-5
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Topological Drawings by Lacan Psychoanalytic European Research and Education Group on: The Causes of Illettrism, accessed June 16, 2019
- ^ " De Clérambault fut mon seul maître dans l'observation des malades (...) " In: Propos sur la causalité psychique. September 28, 1946.
- ^ Automatism mental ; The Misidentification of Clerambault's and Kandinsky-Clerambault's Syndromes. In: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2001. No. 46, pp. 441-443.
- ↑ Rieuneau: Guerre et révolution dans le roman français de 1921-1939. Paris 1974, p. 277.
- ↑ Video
- ↑ Le cri de la soie in the Internet Movie Database (English)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Clérambault, Gaëtan Gatian de |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Clérambault, Gaëtan Henri Alfred Eduouard Léon Marie Gatian de |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French forensic psychiatrist, ethnologist and photographer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 2, 1872 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Bourges |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 17, 1934 |
| Place of death | Malakoff |