Gadubanud

Language areas of the Aborigines in Victoria

The Gadubanud , also known as Katabanut , are an Aboriginal tribe who lived on the rainforest plateau and on the rocky coastline of Cape Otway in western Victoria in the areas of today's cities of Lorne and Apollo Bay . The Gellibrand River and the Barwon River formed the territorial boundaries with the Wada wurrung in the northwest, Gulidjan in the north and Girai Wurrung in the west. Gadubanud means king parakeet tribe (King Parrot). There were no clashes with the Gadubanud after 1846, although some of them found shelter in the Weslayan mission station at Birregurra and later in the Framlingham mission station. Today the Gunditjmara tribe are the traditional administrators of Gadubanud land, although there are Aboriginal tribes descended from the Gudabanud in the region.

society

It is known that the Gadubanud traded in wooden spears and spearheads made of hard green stone from Mount William, which was quarried in the Wurundjeri quarries when the tribes crossed Victoria to perform their traditional ceremonies on Mount Noorat, Mount Napier and area of To hold Gariwerd . This is reported in Clark's "Ethnohistoric and linguistic information on the people of the Cape Otway Ranges".

At Cape Otway there are numerous clam piles showing that Gadubanud ate clams, such as turban clams, abalones , periwinkles , elephant clams , beetles , baked clams and limpets . It is known that Robben , Cape Barren geese, eels and ducks as well with New Zealand spinach eaten, tubers and berries. The Gadubanud built canoes for navigating rivers, lakes and inlets as well as along the coast. Aborigines sailing along the coast reported sailing ships.

During the 1830s, the Gadubanud established successful relationships with the European settlers. The first squatters thought that Cape Otway was uninhabited. However, there were five clans in this area, the Bangura gundidj , Guringid gundidj , Ngalla gundidj , Ngarowurd gundidj and Yan Yan Gurt . The Gadubanud were viewed as savages by their linguistically neighboring Aboriginal groups, the Wada Wurrung and Girai Wurring .

language

Little linguistic material has survived from the Gadubanud language. A connection with the Gulidjan in the north is suspected in the literature. The language was first recognized by James Dawson in 1881 and means King Parrot language .

history

Chief Protector George Augustus Robinson met three Gadubanud clans on his journey to Port Fairy in 1842 when he came to the mouth of the Hopkin River. From this encounter there is information about some clan and their territorial borders. In 1842 Gadubanud stole food and blankets from a remote station.

Superintendent Charles La Trobe made three expeditions to Cape Otway and on his third attempt in March 1846 met seven men and women of the Gadubanud in the Aire Valley.

Blanket Bay Massacre

Later in 1846, George D. Smythe was hired to explore the Cape Otway area. When one of their wives was kidnapped by Convey, a member of the expedition, they killed the European kidnapper in an argument. Smythe went back to Melbourne and organized a punitive expedition that began in August 1846. The expedition also included some Aborigines of the Wurrung tribe and they encountered seven Gadubanud at the mouth of the Aire River on Blanket Bay, whom they attacked and killed. A report on the massacre was published in the Argus on September 1, 1846. The Blanket Bay massacre is also interpreted as a strategic measure to clean up the area and secure the lighthouses. Ian Clark also reports that a number of other reports distorted the massacre, including rape, inflating the number of people killed, or portraying it as an attack by the Native Police Corps branch led by Foster Fyans. A similarly distorted story is reprinted in a report by Aldo Massola:

"In 1848 one of two survivors, a woman who then lived in Warrnambool, told the story: One of the white men had interferred with a lubra, and her husband had killed the aggressor. The Black Police had come shortly after and had shot down indiscriminately the whole of her group, about twenty men, women and children. She and another lubra were only slightly wounded, and hid themselves in the scrub until the attackers left the scene of the massacre. As far as she knew they were the only survivors . " (German: In 1848 one of the two survivors, a woman who now lives in Warrnambool, reported: One of the white men had a quarrel with an Aboriginal woman and her husband killed the aggressor. The Native Police Corps came shortly afterwards and shot the entire group of over 20 men, women and children. She and one other Aboriginal woman were slightly wounded and hid in the undergrowth until the attackers left the site of the massacre. As far as they know, they were the only survivors of the massacre. )

According to Clark, there are no clashes between the Gadubanud and the European settlers after 1846.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Ian D. Clark: Scars on the Landscape. A Register of Massacre sites in Western Victoria 1803-1859 , pp. 119-123, Aboriginal Studies Press, 1995 ISBN 0-85575-281-5
2. ↑ The Gudabanud ( Memento of the original of July 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Speaking of the Otways website. Retrieved December 15, 2008  
3. ↑ ^{a b} Parks Victoria, Great Ocean Walk Aboriginal Connections ( Memento of the original from December 30, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Great Ocean Walk website. Retrieved December 14, 2008  
4. ↑ Parks Victoria, Aboriginal Cultural Values ( Memento of the original from June 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , OTWAYS eFORUM INFORMATION SHEET. Retrieved December 14, 2008  
5. ↑ Gadubanud language ( Memento of the original from October 14, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Victorian Aboriginal Languages ​​Directory. Accessed December 14, 2008  
6. ↑ Richard Ewerist: The Complied Guide to the Great Ocean Road , S. 76/77. Tingleman 2009. ISBN 978-1-905864-26-3 Online on Googlebooks
7. ↑ Aldo Massola: Journey to Aboriginal Victoria , Rigby, 1969 as quoted by Ian D. Clark: Scars on the Landscape. A Register of Massacre sites in Western Victoria 1803-1859 , pp. 122-123, Aboriginal Studies Press, 1995 ISBN 0-85575-281-5