Etteln gallery grave

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Etteln gallery grave
The Etteln gallery grave

The Etteln gallery grave
Etteln gallery grave (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Red pog.svg
Coordinates 51 ° 38 '1.5 "  N , 8 ° 44' 39.4"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 38 '1.5 "  N , 8 ° 44' 39.4"  E
place Borchen OT Etteln , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany
Emergence 3500 to 2800 BC Chr.

The Etteln gallery grave is a megalithic grave complex of the Neolithic Wartberg culture near Etteln , a district of Borchen in the Paderborn district ( North Rhine-Westphalia ).

location

The grave is located northwest of Etteln on the Lechtenberg in a group of trees between two fields. The gallery graves at Kirchborchen are 2.7 km to the northwest, and the gallery graves at Henglarn are 3.2 km to the south-southeast .

Research history

The grave was first examined in 1575 by Bishop Salentin von Isenburg . Further excavations followed in 1862, 1865, 1871 and 1969.

description

architecture

The plant is oriented northwest-southeast. It has a total length of 22 m, a width of 2.6 m and an original height of 1.2 m in the entrance area and 1.8 m in the middle. The remains of a mound and three surrounding stones have been preserved. The burial chamber has an inner length of 21.5 m, a width of 2 m and a reconstructed ceiling height of 0.9 m in the entrance area and 1.5 m in the middle. The chamber is made of limestone slabs that are up to 2 m high, between 0.5 m and 2.15 m wide and 0.3 m thick. The northwest end plate is 2.41 m wide. Remnants of two cover plates are also preserved in and next to the complex. The cover plates are 2.15 m long, between 0.7 m and 0.8 m wide and 0.3 m thick. The floor of the chamber is 1 m below today's surface. When it was built, the chamber was sunk into the ground about a quarter of its height. The access to the chamber is on the south-eastern narrow side. Here is a two-part perforated door brick. There is no anteroom.

The building material for the chamber was dismantled on site. The material requirement is estimated at around 105.8 t.

Burials

During the excavations of 1862, 1865 and 1871 a large amount of human bones was discovered (“a box full”). In 1969 a small number of bone fragments were discovered next to the chamber. All finds are lost today.

Additions

During the excavations two ceramic shards, several pierced (possibly also undrilled) animal teeth and the lower jaw of a pig were discovered. All finds are lost today.

Dating

Using the radiocarbon method , the usage time of the facility was reduced to 3870 ± 100 BP ; 2333 ± 135 calBC can be determined.

literature

  • Catalog for the exhibition of the Society for History and Archeology of Westphalia for the 75th anniversary. Paderborn 1899, p. 7
  • Wilhelm Engelbert Giefers : History of the castle and rule Wevelsburg. In: Journal for patriotic history and antiquity. Volume 22, 1962, p. 333 ( PDF; 16.2 MB ).
  • Peter Glüsing: A settlement of the late Neolithic gallery grave culture in the white wood near Warburg-Rimbeck, district of Höxter. In: Excavations and finds in Westphalia-Lippe. Volume 2, p. 20.
  • Klaus Günther: Stone Age and Older Bronze Age in the State Museum for Pre- and Early History Münster. 2nd edition, Münster 1971, pp. 37-41.
  • Klaus Günther: The Stone Age in the Büren and Paderborn districts (= guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments. Volume 20). Zabern, Mainz 1971, pp. 210-213.
  • Klaus Günther: Keyword “Etteln”. In: Neujahrsgruß 1977. 1977, p. 10.
  • Klaus Günther: To the Neolithic stone box graves Kirchborchen I and Etteln, Kr. Paderborn. In: Germania. Volume 56, 1978, pp. 230-233.
  • Hugo Hoffmann: Status and tasks of prehistoric and early historical research in Westphalia. In: Westphalian research. Volume 1, 1938, p. 213.
  • W. Lange: Keyword “Etteln”. In: Handbook of the historical sites of Germany. Volume 3. North Rhine-Westphalia. Kröner, Stuttgart 1963, p. 192.
  • Michael Müller-Wille : Allées couvertes françaises et Steinkisten allemand. In: Congres Prehistorique de Monaco. Volume 16, 1965, Fig.1a.
  • Dirk Raetzel-Fabian : Absolute chronology. In: Klaus Günther: The collective grave necropolis Warburg I – V (= soil antiquities of Westphalia. Volume 29). Zabern, Mainz 1997, ISBN 3-8053-2451-0 , p. 166.
  • Dirk Raetzel-Fabian: Calden. Earthworks and burial places of the early Neolithic. Architecture - ritual - chronology (= university research on prehistoric archeology. Volume 70). Habelt, Bonn 2000, ISBN 3-7749-3022-8 , p. 159.
  • Kerstin Schierhold : Studies on the Hessian-Westphalian megalithic. Research status and perspectives in a European context (= Münster contributions to prehistoric and early historical archeology. Volume 6). Leidorf, Rahden / Westf. 2012, ISBN 978-3-89646-284-8 , pp. 255-256.
  • Waldtraut Schrickel : Catalog of the Central German graves with Western European elements and the gallery graves of Western Germany. Bonn 1966, p. 446.
  • August Stieren : The prehistoric monuments of the Büren district. In: Communications of the Antiquities Commission for Westphalia. Volume 7, 1922, pp. 17-18 ( PDF; 28 MB ).
  • August Stieren: The big stone boxes of Westphalia. In: Westphalia. Volume 13, 1927, p. 8.
  • August bulls: Westphalia. Neolithic. In: Max Ebert (Hrsg.): Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte. Volume 14. Uckermark - Cypriot loop needle. DeGruyter, Berlin 1929, p. 287.
  • Johannes Voermanek : Contributions to the history of the Wewelsburg. Paderborn 1912, p. 9 ( online ).
  • Klemens Wilhelmi : Keyword “Etteln”. In: Neujahrsgruß 1971. 1971, p. 174.

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