Gallberg (Havelsee)

Gallberg
The wooded compression moraine complexes Eichberg, Schwarzer Berg and Gallberg
height	68.2  m
location	Brandenburg , Germany
Mountains	Nauen plate
Coordinates	52 ° 29 ′ 6 "  N , 12 ° 30 ′ 12"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 29 ′ 6 "  N , 12 ° 30 ′ 12"  E
Type	Compression moraine

The Gallberg is a 68.2 meter high, Ice Age shaped elevation near the villages of Fohrde and Hohenferchesar in the city of Havelsee in the north of the Potsdam-Mittelmark district in Brandenburg . It is part of the plateau of the Nauener Platte . Several prehistoric urn burial grounds have been discovered on its slopes.

morphology

The Gallberg was formed during the last, the Vistula Ice Age, as an end or compression moraine complex . Ice masses penetrating from the northeast to Central Europe formed the ridge of the Nauener Platte. The Gallberg is part of a chain of hills, which also includes the Eastern Black Mountain or the Southwest Fohrder Mountain . These elevations were formed along the only partially traceable ice edge  layer 1c of the Brandenburg phase , to which the Marienberg is also included. The individual hills are separated by dry valleys . The glacial Bohnenland-Görden-Rinne formed south-east on the Gallberg .

Burial grounds

Urn depicting a horse, 1st to 2nd century, Gallberg site near Hohenferchesar, Jerichower Land district museum in Genthin

In the 19th century, clay mining for surrounding brickworks was widespread in the Havelsee area. There was an extensive mining area on the Gallberg. During the excavations, several urn grave fields were found around the hill . Graves from the late Bronze Age to the pre-Roman Iron Age were discovered in the south and southwest on the Gallberg . A burial ground was found on the northern slope, which can be dated to the early Roman Empire . And graves dating from the transition from the pre-Roman Iron Age to the early Imperial Era and the late Roman Imperial Era were discovered on the northeast and southeast slopes. Due to the further clay mining, the exact number of graves on the Gallberg can no longer be quantified today. However, one assumes several hundred. For example, the quantitatively most significant burial ground of the first two centuries AD in the Havel region was located here.

The archaeological excavations accompanying the clay mining were plentiful. Urns in the form of bowls, pots or situlae were dug up. These are often decorated in shiny black with rolling wheels or meanders . Other patterns are trees of life and swastics . An urn shows a representation of a bridled horse, which is unique for this time. The urn graves included fibulae , belt buckles , knives and rarely weapons.

Protected areas

The hilly elevation of the Gallberg is overgrown with an extensive pine forest. It lies in the conservation area Westhavelland and over it the southern boundary runs the Westhavelland Nature Park . The nature reserve Untere Havel Süd, the SPA area Niederung der Unteren Havel and the FFH area Niederung der Unteren Havel / Gülper See border on its north-western slope .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Sebastian children and Haik Thomas Porada (ed.): Brandenburg an der Havel and surroundings. 2006, p. 298, fig. 72, ISBN 978-3-412-09103-3 .
2. ↑ Sebastian children and Haik Thomas Porada (ed.): Brandenburg an der Havel and surroundings. 2006, pp. 97 and 99, ISBN 978-3-412-09103-3 .
3. ↑ Sebastian children and Haik Thomas Porada (ed.): Brandenburg an der Havel and surroundings. 2006, pp. 97, 99 and 100, ISBN 978-3-412-09103-3 .
4. ↑ Part sheet Northwest Protected Areas. In: Landkreis Potsdam-Mittelmark landscape framework plan. Office for Environmental and Landscape Planning, archived from the original on August 7, 2011 ; Retrieved October 16, 2013 .