Gardarike
Slavic settlements (gray), area of
influence of the Khazars , Volga Bulgarians , Pechenegen (blue)
Gardarike (Old Icelandic Garðariki ) is the Old Norse name for the Kievan Rus in Icelandic sagas in the 13th century.
designation
The term karþ (Old Norse garðar ) was mentioned on rune stones in Sweden in the 11th century , probably for the area of the Kievan Rus. In Icelandic sagas, the name garðariki for this area appeared in the 13th century .
garðar is the Germanic word for castle, fenced area . From this the Slavic degree for castle riki developed and meant empire . garðariki meant empire of castles .
history
Since the 8th century, Scandinavian merchants and warriors ( Varangians ) founded settlements along the great Volkhov and Dnieper rivers on their way to the Byzantine Empire ( Ladoga around 750). Around 864, the Scandinavian Rus ruled around Ladoga and Holmgard, the Novgorod Rus . Around 884 the area was extended to the Kievan Rus .
In the sagas were mentioned
- Aldeigjuborg (Ladoga)
- Holmgarðr (Novgorod)
- Kœnugarðr ( Kiev )
- Móramar ( Murom )
- Palateisk ( Polotsk )
- Smaleskja ( Smolensk )
- Súrsdalar ( Suzdal )
See also
- Varangian rune stones
- Away from the Varangians to the Greeks until around 1204
literature
- Arnulf Krause : Garðariki. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 10, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1998, ISBN 3-11-015102-2 , pp. 435-440.
- Dagmar Brandt: Gardariki. A book of steps from the Russian area (novel). 2 volumes, Berlin 1943. Reprint Facsimile Verlag, Bremen 1981.
- Sverrir Jakobsson: Við og veröldin. Heimsmynd Íslendinga 1100 - 1400. Reykjavík: Háskólaútgáfan 2005. ISBN 9979-54-621-2 .
Remarks
- ↑ The historical term Garðar (cities) was expanded to Garðariki - although the idea of a single state, as it later existed, was projected into the 9th century from a vague idea of the conditions at that time . on this Sverrir Jakóbsson, 2005
- ^ In German the garden , English garden