Gardarike rune stones

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Paths through Gardarike
Gardarike rune stones

Gardarike rune stones (also Varangian rune stones) is the name for over 30 rune stones in Sweden, one each in Denmark and Norway from the 9th to 11th centuries. On them Varangian warriors are named who were in Garðar ( Kievan Rus ) or in the "East" and died there.

Over 130 rune stones are divided into seven groups analogous to the distinctive words used: England- (30), Greece- (30), Hakon-Jarl- (3), Ingvar- (26), Italy- (4), Baltic Sea- (Baltic States and Finland - 14 stones) and about 30 Varangian rune stones (relating to Russia, Belarus, the Ukraine and neighboring areas), which are also available in one copy each in Denmark and Norway. The inscriptions are written in Old Norse with younger Futhark runes .

Rune stones

Uppland (9)

Runestone from Sjusta
"This rune was made in memory of Spjallboði (...), he died in Holmgard (Novgorod) in the Olavskirche "
  • U 153, U 154, U 209, U 283, U 366, U 504, U 636, U 898,

Södermanland (11)

Fredriksdal rune stone (Sö 33)
It ended in the east
  • Sö 34
They ended on the east way
  • Sö 130
He fell in Gardar (?)
  • Sö 92, Sö 121, Sö 126, Sö 148, Sö 171, Sö 216, Sö 308, Sö 338

Vastmanland (2)

  • Vs 1
Guðleifr set the piece and this stone for Slagvi, his son, which ended in the east in Khorezmia
  • Vs Fv1988: 36
Viðfastr's son drove east.

Östergötland (2)

  • Ög 8, Ög 30

Vastergotland (3)

  • Vg 135, Vg 184, Vg 197

Öland

  • Oil 28 (58) (between 1020 and 1050)
Herþrúðr carved this stone for her son Smiðr, a good man. Halfborinn, his brother, is in Gardar.

Gotland (4)

  • G 114, G134, G 220, G 280

Denmark

  • DR 108
He died in the east

Norway

" Engli built this stone for Þóraldr, his son, who died in Vitaholm between Utaulms and Garðar "

literature

Web links

See also

Remarks

  1. ↑ Old Norse karþa (Ö 28, N 62), called, in hulmkarþ (Novgorod, U 687), uitahol (m) (unknown, N 62) and utaulms (unknown, N 62)
  2. ↑ Old Norse austr ( east ) or austruiki ( east way )
  3. ↑ Inscription: 'tauþr' i hulmkarþi 'i olafs * kriki' ubi R * risti 'ru
  4. ↑ Inscription: (...) antaþis: austr  : at þikum , inscription: (...) Hann ændaðis austr at þingum
  5. ↑ Inscription: (...) * entaþus * i * austruiki , inscription: ændaðus i austrvegi
  6. ↑ Inscription: h = al = f kirþu o , inscription: Hann (?) Fiall (?) [I (?)] Garðum (?) ...
  7. ↑ Inscription: + kuþlef R + seti: stff: auk: sena: þasi: ufti R slakua: sun: sia: etaþr: austr * i * karusm , transcription: Guðlæif R satti staf ok stæina þasi æfti R Slagva, sun sinn, ændaðr austr i Garðum (?) / Chorezm (?). Probably belongs to the Ingvar rune stones (1037-1041) on the Caspian Sea
  8. ↑ Inscription: taf: lit: risa: estn: þina: hiti R  : kri (m) ut ÷ uas: farin: sun: (u) iþfast--: aust : arla ulfr: auk: uibiurn: -... kitilas: krþi: b -... (u) * (o): s --- , inscription: Taf (?) let ræisa stæin þenna æfti R Grimmund. Va R farinn, sunn Viðfast [a R ], austarla.
  9. ↑ Inscription: harþruþr + raisti + stain + þinsa + aifti R + sun + sin + s (m) iþ + trak + kuþan + halfburin + bruþi R ans + sitr + karþum brantr + rit- × iak þu raþa + khn , transcription: Hærþruðr ræisti stæin þennsa æfti R sun sinn Smið, dræng goðan. Halfborinn, broði R hans, sitr Garðum. Brandr save hiogg, þy raða can.
  10. ↑ Inscription: uarþ (:) tuþr: ustr , inscription: æs warþ døþr østr
  11. ↑ Inscription " × ikli × reisti stein þana eftir × þoral ... sun sin is uarþ tauþr × i uitahol (m) (i) miþli u (i) taulms auk karþa × ", N 62
  12. ↑ cf. N 61 on the same stone 10th century. Inscription: "iurun ¤ rais (t) i [¤] s (t) ain ¤ þina ¤ af (t) ir [¤] au-aun ¤ is ¤ (h) ana ¤ - (t) i [¤] auk ¤ furþi ¤ af ¤ hrikariki ¤ u (t) an ¤ ur ulb¤aui- "and" × auk ¤ (m) unta¤stain ¤ ---- ir ¤ þusi × " , Text after Terje Spurkland, Norwegian Runes and Runic Inscriptions , Boydell Press, Woodbridge 2005, p. 101 ISBN 1-84383-186-4