Garrison Church (Mannheim)

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The Mannheim Garrison Church

The Mannheim garrison church was a Catholic house of worship, which primarily served the military personnel of the Electoral Palatinate capital.

history

The Palatinate Elector Karl III. Philipp moved his residence from Heidelberg to Mannheim in 1720 . Accordingly, the court and administration followed, and the city's military contingent was increased. The soldiers previously used the Capuchin Church as a place of worship. The barracks were located in the area of ​​square C 5 (Toulonplatz), where the armory is located today . The elector finally had the garrison church built there as his own military church. The foundation stone was laid on October 21, 1737, and the building was completed and consecrated in 1739. Church patrons were the apostles Philip and James .

Several church registers have been preserved, and the Capuchins carried out pastoral care and administration . A military choir sang regularly in the church services, the members of which included the later well-known tenor Friedrich Epp (1747-1802). On Mariä Lichtmess in 1742, the Electoral Palatinate steward Johann Schorr and his wife Maria Amalia geb. Weiß, with 1200 guilders, a Guardian Angel Brotherhood , which became important in the religious life of the city and increased attendance at the church.

When the old armory in square B 3 was converted into the Mannheim National Theater in 1777 , a new armory was built at the current location. The garrison church disturbed the unobstructed view of its facade. Therefore, they were torn down in 1780–1782 and the military services were moved back to the Capuchin Church, where most of their inventory was also placed. The resulting demolition material was donated by Elector Karl Theodor for the new building of the neighboring hospital church .

Building stock

The floor plan highlighted in the paving in front of the armory

The baroque church with the built-in choir stood in the southern area of ​​today's Toulonplatz, where its floor plan is highlighted in the pavement . A tower with a lantern was built on the northeast corner. The church faced east-west, although the choir was in the west. The regional historian Johann Franz Capellini von Wickenburg gave us the view of the church in the compilation “ Thesaurus Palatinus ” . The foundation stone is now in the archaeological collection of the Reiss Engelhorn museums .

There was a tomb under the church that was forgotten after it was demolished. During the construction of an underground car park in front of the Mannheim armory in 1979, it was found again and the bones of four people were found. Two skeletons could be identified as those of the Electoral Palatinate Minister and Court Chancellor Jakob Tillmann von Hallberg († 1744) and his wife Anna Maria Josepha, née. von Francken († 1739), daughter of the Minister Johann Bernhard von Francken , can be identified. Her burial there was documented in the Thesaurus Palatinus. In 2003 they were reburied in a crypt under Hallberg Castle in Fußgönheim . The remains of two other people have not yet been identified. It could be the Austrian Lieutenant Colonel Count Thomas de los Rios († 1743), son of Field Marshal Francesco de Los Rios , whose burial is also recorded in the Thesaurus Palatinus , and the Austrian colonel hussar Freiherr Johann Baptist Bartholotti von Partenfeld († 1745) who, according to Zedler's Universal Lexicon , was buried there with great pomp .

literature

  • Jakob Baroggio: The history of Mannheim from its creation to 1861 , Mannheim, 1861, p. 506 u. 507; (Digital scan)
  • Rieger, JG Historical-topographical-statistical description of Mannheim (1824), p. 296/297, available under Heidelberg historical holdings - digital , Heidelberg University Library.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bernhard Kirchgässner: City and Archeology: 36th Working Conference , Volume 26 of: City in History , Thorbecke Verlag, 2000, p. 151 u. 152, ISBN 3-7995-6426-8 ; (Detail scan)
  2. ^ Online excerpt on Friedrich Epp, from the Baierischen Musik-Lexikon , Munich 1811
  3. ^ Karl Anton Straub : Mannheimer Religious Life and Customs , in: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv , Volume 70, 1950, p. 98 u. 99; (PDF digital scan)
  4. ↑ Reiner Albert: The Caritas Association Mannheim and its history , Volume 9 of: Sources and representations on Mannheim city history , Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 2005, p. 23, ISBN 3-7995-0907-0 ; (Detail scan)
  5. ↑ Guido Walz: The Brockhaus, Mannheim: 400 Years of the Square City - the Lexicon , Brockhaus Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-7653-0181-7 ; (Detail scan)
  6. ↑ Thomas de los Rios grave inscription from the Thesaurus Palatinus
  7. ^ Johann Heinrich Zedler: Universal Lexicon , 3rd Supplement Volume, column 105, Leipzig, 1752; (Digital scan)

Coordinates: 49 ° 29 '17.3 "  N , 8 ° 27' 42.6"  E