Capuchin Church (Mannheim)
The Kapuzinerkirche was the Catholic church of the Capuchin monastery in Mannheim city center, bordering on Kapuzinerplatz (N 4) in the area of today's squares N 5 and N 6. It reached to today's Kapuzinerplanken and was demolished with its associated monastery complex at the beginning of the 19th century .
history
Immediately after the electoral Palatinate took over the government of the Catholic Wittelsbachers from the Pfalz-Neuburg family branch , the new Elector Philipp Wilhelm granted the Capuchins permanent right to stay in Mannheim in 1685 . They were assigned the pastoral care of the few Catholics in the city. For this purpose, Father Gerardus von Wallerfangen received the front choir of the old Konkordienkirche (destroyed in 1689) as a place of worship through the regent . The priest had already been in the city in the year of the plague in 1666, cared for numerous sick people, infected himself twice, but survived the disease. This first phase of the Mannheim Capuchins came to an abrupt end when the city was destroyed in 1689 in the Palatinate War of Succession . The Capuchins withdrew to the Ladenburg mother monastery , but continued to look after Mannheim from there.
Mannheim's military hospital in N 5 also fell victim to the city's destruction in 1689. After the Peace of Rijswijk, the Capuchins received this area from Elector Johann Wilhelm in 1698 to build a monastery with a church. In 1701 he and his wife Anna Maria personally laid the foundation stone and their alliance coat of arms later adorned the facade of the church. The coat of arms stone has been preserved, a similar one is located on the south portal of the choir of the Heidelberg Heiliggeistkirche . The Mannheim monastery was in the corner that is now bordered by Kapuzinerplatz and Kapuzinerplanken. Both names are still reminiscent of the former church or monastery. In 1703 the convent building could be occupied, in 1706 the church was consecrated to the plague patron St. Rochus and the co-patrons Francis of Assisi and Antonius of Padua .
Elector Karl III. Philipp moved his residence from Heidelberg to Mannheim in 1720 . Accordingly, the court and administration followed suit; the city's military contingent was increased. The soldiers used the Capuchin Church as a place of worship until the garrison church was completed in 1739 , which the Capuchins also looked after. From 1780, after its demolition, the Capuchin Church was again used as the church of the Mannheim garrison.
In 1743, Elector Karl Theodor had a chapel built in the Rheinschanze (today's Ludwigshafen ) on the left bank of the Rhine, which at that time still belonged to Mannheim , and gave the Mannheim Capuchins the regular pastoral care there. Between 1748 and 1777, the elector and court went to the church service in the Capuchin Church in Mannheim every year on the feast of St. Stephen (December 26th). In 1748 the regent also founded the orphanage, poor house and penitentiary in Q 6, whose pastoral care was also assigned to the Capuchins.
In 1795 the monastery was badly damaged in the First Coalition War , and according to two drawings that have been preserved (before and after) the church was apparently also somewhat rebuilt. From 1799 there were severe restrictions on religious life due to the laws of the Bavarian Minister Maximilian von Montgelas . In 1802 Mannheim fell to the Grand Duchy of Baden , where an attitude hostile to the Capuchins also prevailed. The dissolution of the monastery was suggested immediately, which was simply omitted because the pension that would then have been due for the religious and the foundation of a second Catholic parish in Mannheim would have been considerably more expensive. New conventuals could no longer be accepted. In 1816 the Capuchins exercised only pastoral care in Mannheim in addition to their work in their own church. In 1828 only one priest still lived in the monastery, the last Guardian and long-time field priest Carl Anton Wagner. In 1838 he left the Mannheim Capuchin monastery under state pressure, the church of which was immediately profaned and demolished in 1839. As early as 1836 a road had been laid through the former monastery garden (between N 4 and N 5).
Pastor Gabriel Hagspiel from Grünstadt , friend and confidante of the Prince Educator in the Bavarian royal house Joseph Anton Sambuga , gave a sermon in honor of St. Francis on October 1, 1815 in the Capuchin Church in Mannheim. A sermon in Mainz , which he delivered in the Capuchin Church in 1822, has been preserved by the Mannheim priest Karl Klein .
Building stock
A Loreto chapel was built at a right angle in the front area to the north of the church, which was simply designed in accordance with Franciscan tradition, with a western roof turret and main choir facing south-east, in the direction of today's Kapuzinerplanken . The current Kunststraße runs through the longitudinal axis of the church, which extended north to the Kapuzinerplanken. At that time the street made a bend around the church. The facade of the church looked towards today's Kapuzinerplatz. In front of it stood the statue of St. John Nepomuk , the patron of the confessional secret , created by Paul Egell and now available as a copy ; The dispensing of this sacrament was one of the main focuses of Capuchin pastoral care.
The monastery complex with a large inner garden adjoined the church to the south. The latter has been preserved as a green area to this day as a so-called "Scipio garden". The church had a tomb in which u. a. General Franz Fortunat von Isselbach (1663–1734) from the Electoral Palatinate was in rest. His epitaph was in the church, the inscription is handed down in the " Thesaurus Palatinus " by Johann Franz Capellini von Wickenburg .
The high altar came when the Capuchin Church was demolished in the Catholic parish church of St. Afra zu Neckargerach , where it is now installed in the modern extension building; two side altars are in the parish church of St. Leo, Rödersheim . The high altar, designed by Lorenzo Quaglio around 1760, bears statues of St. Roch and St. Sebastian, created by Johann Matthäus van den Branden , as well as an altar panel depicting St. Francis of Assisi, painted by Francesco Bernardini . The pulpit of the Capuchin Church is currently in the parish church of St. Oswald, Boßweiler .
gallery
The high altar, now in St. Afra, Neckargerach
High altar sheet (St. Francis), now in St. Afra, Neckargerach
Rödersheim, St. Leo; both side altars from the Mannheim Capuchin Church
literature
- Günther Saltin: Catholic life in Mannheim. Volume 1, pp. 339-381, Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-7995-0908-4
- Jakob Baroggio: The history of Mannheim from its emergence to 1861 , Mannheim, 1861, p. 492–494 limited preview in the Google book search (digital scan with precise description of church and monastery)
- J. Philipp Walther: Mannheim's memorabilia since its creation up to the most recent times. P. 35 and 36, Mannheim, 1855 limited preview in the Google book search
Web links
- Capuchin monastery Mannheim at LEO-BW, discover regional studies online
- Information board "City Points, Mannheim History On Site", Capuchin Monastery N 5 with a photo of the original coat of arms of the facade
Individual evidence
- ↑ MARCHIVUM : Chronicle star . 1836, Retrieved November 4, 2018 .
- ^ Franz Stapf: Joseph Anton Sambuga; Exquisite letters, mostly written to clergymen, along with various shorter essays, fragments and excerpts from the estate of the immortalized. 2nd part, 2nd edition, Munich 1837, p. 114 limited preview in the Google book search
- ^ Karl Klein's complete sermons , Mainz 1828, Volume 1, pp. 445–453, limited preview in the Google book search
- ↑ Digital scan from the Thesaurus Palatinus
- ^ Church website with photos and description of the altar in Neckargerach
- ↑ Church website Rödersheim
- ↑ Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany: Cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate , Volume 13 (Bad Dürkheim district), p. 476, Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, 2006, ISBN 3884622153 (detail scan )
Coordinates: 49 ° 29 ′ 7.9 ″ N , 8 ° 28 ′ 7.9 ″ E