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The Ge languages (pronunciation: [ʒeː], with accent : Gê languages , including: Jê languages ), provide an indigenous American language family , which fall mainly in the regions of Nordeste , Sudeste and Centro-Oeste Brazil is widespread and out of 13 Individual languages.

structure

  • Central group:
    • Acroá [acs]
    • Acua group:
      • Xavánte [xav]
      • Xerénte [xer]
      • Xakriabá [xkr]
  • Northwest Group:
    • Apinayé [apn]
    • Kayapó [txu]
    • Kreen Akarore [kre]
    • Suyá [suy]
    • Timbira Group:
      • Gavião, Pará [gvp]
      • Canela [ram]
      • Krahô [xra]
      • Kreye [xre]
      • Krikati-Timbira [xri]

The languages with the most speakers are Kaingang with 18,000, Xavante with 9600 and Kayapo with 7000 native speakers. Acroá and Xakriabá are already extinct.

The Ge languages ​​can be expanded into a larger genealogical group called Macro Ge .

Linguistic characteristics

The Canela (Timbira group, see above) is a language with the basic word order subject-object-verb (SOV) and knows active , accusative and ergative sentence constructions, as well as experimental constructions. The cases are mainly designated by post positions .

swell

literature

  • Irvine Davis: Proto-Jê phonology. In: Estudos Lingüísticos. Revista Brasileira de Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada. Vol. 1, Heft 2, 1967, ZDB -ID 951862-9 , pp. 10-24.
  • Flavia de Castro Alves: O Timbira falado pelos Canela Apãniekrá. Uma contribução aos estudos da morfossintaxe de uma língua Jê. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 2004, ( digital version (PDF; 5.5 MB) ).
  • J. Alden Mason: The languages ​​of South American Indians. In: Julian H. Steward (Ed.): Physical anthropology, linguistics and cultural geography of South American Indians (= Handbook of South American Indians. Vol. 6 = Bureau of American Ethnology. Bulletin. 143, 6, ZDB -ID 799398- 5 ). United States Government Printing Office, Washington DC 1950, pp. 157-319.
  • Ursula Wiesemann: The pronoun systems of some Jê and Macro-Jê languages. In: Ursula Wiesemann (Ed.): Pronominal Systems (= Continuum. 5). Narr, Tübingen 1986, ISBN 3-87808-335-1 , pp. 359-380.
  • Johannes Wilbert: Material lingüístico Ye (= Instituto Caribe de Antropología y Sociología, Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales. Monografías. 10, ZDB -ID 1108430-3 ). Editorial Sucre, Caracas 1964.

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