Ear training

Ear training is an area of music education . It describes the process in which the hearing is trained to grasp musical characteristics and to analyze musical works. Aural training is a necessary requirement for concert musicians, music teachers, conductors and musicologists.

At conservatoires , the melody dictations are required to pass the entrance exam . A polyphonic movement must be notated as accurately as possible after playing on the piano. Since 2010, this traditional practice has been questioned against the background of the emerging demand for competence-oriented teaching of content in schools as well as at music colleges and universities. Ear training is also an integral part of the Abitur examination in the advanced music course in some federal states.

At first you train your hearing to determine intervals successively and simultaneously. Rhythm dictations and listening to tone sequences lead to melody dictation. In the advanced stage, polyphonic sentences can be written down. There is the possibility of having many tasks set by suitable computer programs.

Furthermore, the ear training also includes the recording of different chord groups . At an advanced stage, complex multiple sounds and tone clusters can also be determined.

Aural training is not about perfectly hearing complex chords or intervals at great speed, but rather about recognizing connections in the music ( tonal or atonal ), as is required in practice, for example, when leading an orchestra.

See also

• Memory aids for recognizing intervals
• Solmization
• Pitch perfect
• Relative hearing

literature

• Ulrich Kaiser : ear training. Sentence theory, improvisation, hearing analysis.
  • Basic course. Bärenreiter, Kassel 1998, ISBN 3-7618-1159-4
  • Advanced course. With a form chapter by Hartmut Fladt. Bärenreiter, Kassel 1998, ISBN 3-7618-1160-8
  • Scientific and educational contributions to ear training (Open Access)
  • Art. Ear training , in: MGG Online , ed. by Laurenz Lütteken, Kassel, Stuttgart, New York: 2016 ff.
• Clemens Kühn: Aural training in self-study. dtv, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-423-30047-7
• John Leigh: Orlando. A multimedia ear training program Fahnauer, Dresden 2009, ISBN 978-3-941436-00-8
• Benjamin Lang (ed.): All ears? New music in ear training . Con Brio, Regensburg 2013, ISBN 978-3940768-39-1
• Roland Mackamul: Textbook of ear training.
  • Volume 1: Elementary ear training. 9th edition. Bärenreiter, Kassel 2005, ISBN 3-7618-0095-9
  • Volume 2: College Ear Training. 5th edition. Bärenreiter, Kassel 2002, ISBN 3-7618-0096-7
• Herbert Nobis : By singing to hear - an exercise book for listening education , 2 volumes; Karl Heinz Möseler, Wolfenbüttel, Zurich, 1986
• Ute Ringhandt: Aural training crash course. Melody - harmony - rhythm - cadence - sequence. Output on mp3 CD. Schott Music, Mainz 2018, ISBN 978-3-7957-1194-8

Individual evidence

1. ↑ A. Wolf, Kopiez, R., and Platz, F .: The status quo of the music theory entrance examination at conservatoires: A test theory analysis Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Contributions to empirical music education . 3, No. 2, October 2012. Retrieved April 26, 2013.