Geißkopf (Central Black Forest)
| Goat's head | ||
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 The Geißkopf (center) seen from Gengenbach |
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| height | 359.4 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | Baden-Württemberg | |
| Mountains | Black Forest | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 25 '3 " N , 7 ° 58' 29" E | |
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The Geißkopf is 359.4 m above sea level. NHN high foothills near Berghaupten ( Baden-Württemberg ). During the migration period, there was apparently a Roman or Germanic military camp on the strategically favorable hill.
Location and surroundings
The Geißkopf is located at the exit of the Kinzig valley in the direction of the Rhine plain and towers over this plain by about 200 m. It forms the north-eastern end of the Bellenwald . Nearby places are Berghaupten in the southeast, Ohlsbach in the northeast and Zunsweier in the northwest. The mountain is overgrown by mixed forest and accessed by a road and forest roads to just below the summit.
history
A partially flat area of around 100 to 150 m offered good settlement conditions in earlier times, which were used due to the strategically advantageous location. To the east, north and south the slopes drop relatively steeply, while to the west a saddle about 25 m lower forms the connection to the edge of the Black Forest. No wall or ditch remains can be seen on the surface, but some readings of late antique military belts made since 1989 show that the goat's head was settled in the 4th and 5th centuries AD. A small part of the hilltop was then examined archaeologically, although no clear structural findings could be made. However, a phosphate analysis of the soil showed that the mountain was either used intensively for a long time or at least temporarily housed a large number of people with their animals. More than 1,300 iron or bronze objects, which were evenly distributed over the entire area, attest to the intensive use of the area. Numerous weapons such as lance tips, axes, arrow and bolt tips as well as late Roman military belt parts and various Germanic and Roman fibulae were found. Some of the lance tips are bent, indicating fighting. Various tools, for example for woodworking or forging, were also found in large numbers. It is noticeable that, in contrast, there was hardly any ceramics in the found material and women's jewelry is almost completely missing. Accordingly, in contrast to the Kügeleskopf opposite (north of the Kinzig) , it seems to have been a purely military camp.
literature
- Heiko Steuer and Michael Hoeper: Migration Period high stations on the edge of the Black Forest. A summary of the similarities and differences. In: Heiko Steuer , Volker Bierbrauer (Ed.): Hill settlements between antiquity and the Middle Ages from the Ardennes to the Adriatic. With the assistance of Michael Hoeper. de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 2008, ISBN 978-3-11-020235-9 , ( Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde supplementary volumes 58).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Federal Office for Cartography and Geodesy, State Office for Geoinformation and Rural Development: Digital Topographical Map 1:50 000, Germany Viewer , accessed on January 5, 2011