Hostage Liberation
The hostage rescue is the termination of a hostage situation through negotiation, deception, threat or use of lethal and non-lethal force or a combination thereof.
Mission principles
In order to carry out hostage liberation, state organs maintain specially trained emergency teams, both in the civilian and in the military sector. These task forces try to prepare themselves for all kinds of hostage-taking by simulating different scenarios in order to be able to use a previously practiced tactic in an emergency .
In the civil sector, the importance of crisis teams for dealing with hostage-taking and their side effects (press, public interest, relatives, follow-up care and trauma management) has risen sharply. The crisis team is the interface between the operational management , the decision-makers in the police (e.g. police chief ) as well as in the case of acts of a larger scale in politics (e.g. interior senator , interior minister ) and, if necessary, holds press conferences or imposes an information block . The operations command, for its part, erects a forward command post in the immediate vicinity of the crime scene or at another suitable location, often with the help of emergency vehicles that have already been set up for this purpose.
In the case of military hostage liberations, which as a rule do not take place in the same country, the commanders refer to existing military operations centers and command facilities, from which the actions are coordinated.
Special forces for hostage rescue
- Europe
- Germany
- SEK (state level)
- Mobile Task Force (MEK)
- GSG9 (federal level)
- Special Forces Command (KSK) (military)
- Combat Swimmer (Navy)
- Austria
- Jagdkommando (special forces / JaKdo) (military)
- Cobra
- Luxembourg
- USP (Unité Speciale de la Police)
- Switzerland
- Diamond Group ( KaPo Zurich)
- Enzian Group (KaPo Bern)
- Group Stern ( StaPo Bern)
- Scorpio group (StaPo Zurich)
- Special Forces Command (Switzerland) (Military)
- Italy
- NOCS ( Polizia di Stato )
- GIS ( Carabinieri )
- France
- RAID
- GIGN
- Spain
- GEO
- GOES
- UEI
- Great Britain
- Netherlands
- BSB (military)
- Detention team
- Poland
- Russia
- Germany
- North America
- United States
- SWAT (local, also federal police authorities such as the FBI in particular )
- HRT (FBI)
- Delta Force
- SEAL team 6
- Canada
- Special Service Force
- United States
- Asia
- Israel
- South Korea
- Turkey
- Özel Harekat Timi (Special Reaction Force)
- Australia / New Zealand
Known hostage liberations
- Commercial banks branch, Stockholm, Sweden, 1973
- German Embassy, Stockholm, Sweden, 1975
- OPEC, Vienna, Austria, 1975
- AirFrance machine, Entebbe, Uganda, 1976
- Lufthansa plane 'Landshut', Mogadishu, Somalia, 1977
- US-amer. Embassy, Tehran, Iran, 1980
- Iranian Embassy, London, Great Britain, 1980
- Gladbeck, Germany, 1988
- Hostage-taking in the residence of the Japanese ambassador, Lima , Peru , 1997
- Dubrovka Theater, Moscow, Russia, 2002
- School, Beslan, North Ossetia, Russia, 2004
- Jungle, Guaviare, Colombia, 2008
- Midland City, Alabama, United States, 2013
- Failed hostage rescue in Bulo Marer , 2013
See also
literature
- Reinhard Scholzen : Who should free German hostages abroad? In: Europäische Sicherheit Vol. 59, No. 7, July 2010, ISSN 0940-4171 , pp. 82–85.
- Reinhard Scholzen : KSK. The special forces command of the Bundeswehr. Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-613-02384-9 .
- Reinhard Scholzen : SEK, special task force of the German police . 5th edition. Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3613-02016-0 .
- Reinhard Scholzen , Kerstin Froese: GSG 9. Interior views of a special association of the Federal Border Police. Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-613-02735-0 .
- Jan Boger: Elite and special units international: development, equipment, deployment. Motorbuch Verlag Stuttgart 1988. ISBN 3-613-01166-2
- Walter N. Lang: The World's Elite Forces: The men, weapons and operations in the war against terrorism. Salamander Books Ltd. London 1987. ISBN 0-86101-315-8