Hostage-taking of Gladbeck

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Hostage-taking of Gladbeck (FRG and West Berlin)
1) 08/16 Gladbeck
1) 08/16 Gladbeck
2) 08/17 Bremen
2) 08/17 Bremen
3) 08/17 Grundbergsee service area
3) 08/17 Grundbergsee service area
4) 08/18 Netherlands
4) 08/18 Netherlands
5) 08/18 Cologne
5) 08/18 Cologne
6) 08/18 A3 near Bad Honnef
6) 08/18 A3 near Bad Honnef
Important stations during the hostage-taker's escape

The Gladbeck hostage-taking (also known as the Gladbeck hostage drama ) was a high- profile crime in the Federal Republic of Germany and the Netherlands in the summer of 1988, in the course of which three people were killed. The bank robbery with subsequent hostage-taking began in Gladbeck in North Rhine-Westphalia and ended after around 54 hours on Autobahn 3 near Bad Honnef with an attack by the Cologne Police's Special Operations Command (SEK) . In the aftermath of the crime, the behavior of the police and reporters was massively criticized and a social debate about the responsibility and limits of journalism was initiated.

The two main perpetrators, Hans-Jürgen Rösner and Dieter Degowski , attacked the Deutsche Bank branch located in a shopping center in the Rentfort district of Gladbeck on August 16, 1988 . Rösner's friend Marion Löblich joined the perpetrators on the evening of the same day. During their escape, they took hostages several times and drove them through northwest Germany and the Netherlands. After a stay in downtown Cologne, the three hostage-takers were arrested in the early afternoon of August 18, 1988 when the SEK seized them.

While escaping in a hijacked bus , Degowski murdered the 14-year-old Italian Emanuele De Giorgi. On the way to the scene of the crime, the 31-year-old police officer Ingo Hagen was killed in a traffic accident in Bremen. During the final police action on the autobahn, another hostage, 18-year-old Silke Bischoff, was fatally hit. The forensic investigation revealed that the projectile came from Rösner's weapon.

The behavior of the journalists, who hindered the work of the police due to their close proximity to the action, later sparked an intense public debate. Among other things, several interviews were held with the perpetrators, a press photographer acted as a liaison to the police and a Cologne journalist drove in the getaway car to show the perpetrators the way out of the city center. The hostage-taking in Gladbeck is an important subject of investigation in media system research.

In addition to criticism of the role of the media, serious allegations were made against those responsible for the police in North Rhine-Westphalia and Bremen. Because of their inadequate leadership and coordination, the local forces could not have used opportunities to end the hostage-taking earlier. Despite numerous calls for resignation, the North Rhine-Westphalian Interior Minister Herbert Schnoor remained in office, while the Bremen Interior Senator Bernd Meyer resigned in November 1988 because of the police errors.

Perpetrator

The 31-year-old Hans-Jürgen Rösner (* 1957) attended the special school. He had already committed numerous robberies and break-ins in Gladbeck and had spent a total of eleven years in prison at the time of the crime. He had been wanted since he had not returned from prison leave in August 1986 .

Dieter Degowski was 32 years old and came from Gladbeck. He had also attended special school and lived on odd jobs and welfare. After the fact, his intelligence was tested; the examination showed an IQ in the lower normal range: Degowski was therefore of little intelligence, but completely guilty . He had been friends with Rösner since school. His remaining sentence was suspended in February 2018 and Degowski was released from prison with a new identity.

Marion Löblich, 34 years old, attended special school in Bremen as a child , she was Rösner's friend.

Chronicle of events

August 16, 1988

Building complex with apartments and shops in which the Deutsche Bank branch was located in 2015
Former Deutsche Bank branch (right three windows). The shop which was left for the filming Gladbeck used

Before the counter opened, Rösner and Degowski broke into Deutsche Bank's Schwechater Strasse 38 branch at 7:55 a.m. on Tuesday, August 16, 1988. This was located in the rear entrance of the atrium of the Rentfort-Nord business center. At the rear of the building were high, barred skylights that led to a wide supply route running around the entire building complex. The atrium could be reached through two further covered entrances, one of which was on the opposite side of the atrium. There were shops to the left of the bank. Therefore it was hardly possible for Degowski and Rösner to observe possible escape routes from the bank. You only had a partial view of the atrium and the two covered entrances to the atrium. The left entrance, seen from the bank, led to the supply route, which is closed to public traffic, the right to the street.

At 8:04 a.m., the police received an emergency call from a doctor whose practice was on the first floor of the building. He observed the perpetrators entering. The first officers to arrive parked their patrol car directly in front of the entrance to the street. When Degowski and Rösner left the bank with their booty of DM 120,000  (adjusted for inflation in today's currency around € 108,000), they discovered the police vehicle, turned around and took two bank employees hostage. They then asked for a getaway car, handcuffs, and ransom. They fired several shots to reinforce their demands. The journalist Hans Meiser of the TV channel RTL plus called the bank branch and conducted the first telephone interview with Rösner.

After hours of negotiations, they received DM 300,000 (equivalent to around € 270,000 today) and an escape vehicle in which they drove off with their two hostages at 9.45 p.m. The police apparently had them pulled away, but were able to track the car with the help of a tracking device . In retrospect, the investigators reported a completely atypical behavior of the hostage-takers after departure: Instead of leaving Gladbeck, the perpetrators stocked up on food and alcohol. With his gun drawn, Rösner placed a bulk order in a snack bar and then bought sleeping pills in a pharmacy. Fearing that the getaway car might have been prepared by the police, Rösner tried to get another vehicle. With his pistol drawn, he went into a restaurant to rob a vehicle parked in front of the door. Since the vehicle owner did not reveal himself even after Degowski had shot through the window from the outside, the perpetrators withdrew.

The hostage-takers finally stole a new escape vehicle in front of an amusement arcade, but decided to change the vehicle again. At a gas station on Horster Strasse, Rösner stole his service weapon and a radio from a police officer. The perpetrators then groped into a police trap: Rösner stole a conspicuously parked vehicle that the officers had previously prepared with a tracking device. Before the perpetrators and the hostages left Gladbeck for Münster , Marion Löblich, Rösner's friend, got on. About Munster went on the A1 on to Osnabrück and from there via the A30 in the direction of Bad Oeynhausen . There was a break at the Grönegau service station near Melle . At the Bad Oeynhausen junction you drove back to the Ruhr area via the A 2 . At the Kamener Kreuz we went on the A1 further south towards Hagen .

17th August 1988

Huckelriede bus station. On the right edge of the picture you can see the memorial ginkgo tree and the stele erected by the Bremen Senate with the names of the three victims (Photo: August 2019)

The perpetrators and hostages had breakfast unmolested in Hagen, Westphalia. Then they drove on the Autobahn to Bremen , where Löblich had relatives. In Bremen-Vegesack, Rösner and his girlfriend visited a boutique to buy clothes there. Assuming the hostages' release was imminent, the police missed an opportunity to gain access when Degowski, who was left alone with the hostages, briefly left the car with the hostages. After the hostage-takers had noticed that they were being followed by the police, they took control of a bus on line 53 of the Bremer Straßenbahn AG with 32 passengers in the Huckelriede district on August 17 at 7 p.m. Then Rösner was available to answer questions from the press. The two hostages from the bank were also interviewed by reporters while the hostage-takers held their pistols to their heads.

After they had released five bus occupants, Degowski, Rösner and Löblich took the bus with the other 27 hostages to the A1 . At the Grundbergsee service station (between junction 50- Stuckenborstel and 51- Posthausen ) they released the two bank employees in exchange for two journalists.

Without instructions from the operations management, two police officers arrested Rösner's girlfriend when she tried to go to the rest area's toilet. Afterwards, it was no longer possible to determine who had given the instruction to access via radio. Rösner and Degowski demanded their immediate release and threatened to shoot a hostage after five minutes. Although the command center ordered the immediate release of Löblich, there were delays (Löblich had already been driven away in a vehicle, the key had broken off in the handcuffs). Before the deadline passed and Rösner's girlfriend returned at around 11:05 p.m., Degowski shot fourteen-year-old Italian Emanuele De Giorgi in the head, who wanted to protect his nine-year-old sister. The police officers who arrested Löblich later pleaded self-defense.

Since the Bremen Mission Control had failed an ambulance ready to hold (RTW) in the vicinity of the bus, it took about 15 minutes to one of Rotenburg (Wümme) coming emergency , a first aid could make the boy. The ambulance that was summoned reached the St. Jürgen Hospital in Bremen (today Klinikum Bremen-Mitte ) at around 0:30 a.m., but only De Giorgi was found dead about 45 minutes later .

The bus with the three hostages and hostages then drove on the A 1 and A 30 motorways towards the Netherlands .

In the late evening, the 31-year-old police chief Ingo Hagen had a fatal accident when he was driving from Bremen to the Grundbergsee rest stop to document the incidents. At around 11:15 p.m., a truck hit the opposite lane at a construction site on Neuenlander Straße and collided head-on with the police vehicle. Two other police officers were injured lightly or seriously (skull fracture).

August 18, 1988

At 2:28 a.m., the bus crossed the Dutch border near Bad Bentheim and stopped a few kilometers behind it at Oldenzaal . During the night, the Dutch police surrounded the bus extensively and did not allow anyone into the area in order to avoid further hostage-taking. A journalist from Essen managed to get through the barrier and drove his car to the bus. When one of the perpetrators spotted him and aimed the gun at him, he fled the restricted police area.

At around 5:15 am, two women and three children were released because the Dutch police refused to negotiate with the hostage-takers while children were still in their power. After Rösner accidentally fired a shot when accepting a plastic bag, which hit the thigh and injured the bus driver's hand, a shooting began with the police officers in the adjacent forest. Degowski shot through the right side window of the bus. The two hostage-takers finally received a new getaway car at 6:30 a.m. The vehicle provided by the German police - a BMW 735i  - had the Dutch registration number HR 20 TN and was equipped with a bugging system ( official German : interior voice transmission ). A separate transmitter was installed to record the location by means of radio direction finding , the engine could be switched off or its starting prevented via radio remote control .

With two hostages from the Bremen bus, Silke Bischoff and Ines Voitle, Degowski, Rösner and Löblich drove back to Germany in the BMW. Shortly after 7 a.m. they passed the Glanerbrug crossing near Gronau , unmolested by border guards and customs . Since the emergency services had assumed that the hostage-takers would possibly go to a hospital immediately after crossing the border because of Löblich's injury, both the Lukas and Antonius hospitals in Gronau were placed under guard. The Westfälische Nachrichten reported at the time: “In Lukas, the patients had to stay in their rooms, the serving of breakfast was interrupted. Plainclothes policemen in white coats stand in the hallways of the house. Colleagues equipped with protective vests and helmets kept an eye out in the bushes around the hospital until the all-clear came. "

The perpetrators did not stop in Gronau, however, but drove to Cologne via Münster . At the fire and rescue station on Eper Straße in Gronau, all vehicles were ready in front of the building. In the garages were the police vehicles of the special police unit. The officers stayed there until after 11 a.m., then drove towards Cologne. During a stopover in Wuppertal , the kidnappers bought in a pharmacy, a bakery and a photo shop and paid with part of the stolen money.

In Cologne, where Rösner, as he later stated, wanted to see the cathedral , there was again questionable behavior on the part of the journalists when, at around 11 a.m., in the midst of passers-by in the pedestrian zone Breite Strasse in the city center, they took the escape car with the offenders and the hostages and conducted live interviews. Among them was the future TV presenter Frank Plasberg , who conducted an interview with Rösner. The editor in charge of the SWF decided not to broadcast the interview.

The Dortmund SEK official Rainer Kesting worked his way up to the vehicle with an emergency access team dressed in civilian clothes. He engaged Rösner in a conversation and put his arm around his neck. Kesting planned to overpower Rösner, who was sitting at the wheel, with a single movement, while the SEK officers posted at the rear of the car were supposed to fire the final rescue shot at Degowski. He sat on the back seat between the hostages and held his revolver to Bischoff's head almost continuously. Kesting decided against the access because he feared disciplinary proceedings . The Cologne operations management threatened him with criminal consequences, since it had been agreed beforehand that the emergency access team would only be allowed to approach the vehicle unarmed. Neither the journalists gathered around the vehicle nor Rösner and Degowski noticed the presence of the police.

Some journalists offered themselves as guides and showed the hostage-takers photos of police officers so that they could not be smuggled under the criminals if the hostages were to be exchanged. The Express reporter and later Bild editor-in-chief Udo Röbel was particularly negative . He offered to guide the hostage-takers in the getaway car to the next motorway entrance and got into the getaway vehicle. Numerous journalists vied for the best pictures and followed the hostage-taker's vehicle in the car bulk.

View from the bridge on Kochbacher Strasse in Aegidienberg onto the A3 in the direction of Frankfurt / Main: At the point of access at 38.0 kilometers, behind the end of the noise protection wall, there is the commemorative linden tree planted by the Road Construction Agency in Bonn; to the right, the tips of the memorial sculpture can be seen. (April 2018)

After a brief refueling stop at the service area Siegburg , of the eight minutes it took and where the boarded in Cologne journalist left the getaway car again, the kidnappers drove 13:18 back on the A3 towards Frankfurt . Before junction 34-Bad Honnef / Linz and the subsequent border between North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate , they made another stop on the hard shoulder at around 1:35 p.m. in the Bad Honnef district of Aegidienberg at highway kilometer 37.5. During the approach from the hard shoulder, the Cologne special task force (SEK) rammed the BMW with an armored special protection vehicle . The SEK vehicle, an S-Class sedan, did not hit the escape vehicle on the driver's door as planned, but on the left rear wheel. The heavy Mercedes scratched the left side of the BMW for a long time before it came to a stop with the broken right front wheel suspension in the middle lane at 38.0 km, roughly level with the getaway car. The original intention was to switch off the engine of the prepared BMW before the ramming hit, but the radio transmitter required for this was not carried.

Other SEK vehicles stopped immediately next to and behind the pile driver and after a violent exchange of fire, in which the police fired 62 shots, the hostage drama ended a little later. The 18-year-old Silke Bischoff died from a projectile from Rösner's gun, her friend Ines survived, hit by a police bullet, and was slightly injured because she was able to save herself by jumping into the ditch.

Whether Rösner pulled the trigger with intent to kill could not be clarified in the later court proceedings. During the exchange of fire, Rösner lay across both front seats, while Löblich sought protection in the footwell of the passenger seat. Bischoff was in the back seat behind the driver's seat. Degowski, who was among the hostages, had previously suffered a circulatory collapse . According to statements by several SEK officials, Rösner aimed through the front seats into the rear of the vehicle during the exchange of fire. Ultimately, however, it could not be ruled out that the fatal shot from Rösner's weapon could have been released during a pain reaction by the perpetrator. Rösner was hit by a bullet in the left thigh, the bullet penetrated into the right side of the pelvis. This view, among other things, the defense lawyer Rolf Bossi , who defended Degowski in the trial, took several times.

Rösner denied in court and in later interviews that he shot Bischoff. Statements by the hostage Voitle, however, indicate that he at least deliberately pulled Bischoff forward between the front seats in order to be able to hold the pistol to her head.

After the end of the hostage-taking, there were allegations against the police and the interior minister of North Rhine-Westphalia, Herbert Schnoor , that they absolutely wanted to end the hostage-taking in the state and therefore no longer considered the hostages. The Rhineland-Palatinate Ministry of the Interior had already asked the Federal Border Police to take over the action and GSG 9 officials from nearby Sankt Augustin were ready to access the property behind the state border. The head of the SEK was again not informed of this by the operations management.

Trial and Detention

The prosecution accused Rösner and Degowski of joint extortionate kidnapping and hostage-taking with fatal consequences, Degowski also murder and Rösner attempted murder. Both were sentenced to life imprisonment on March 22, 1991 by the Essen District Court ; for Roesner it was also preventive detention positioned because he was a habitual offenders after satisfaction of the court. Rösner's friend Marion Löblich received a nine-year prison sentence for extortionate kidnapping and hostage-taking resulting in death. All three began their imprisonment in North Rhine-Westphalian prisons.

Hans-Jürgen Rösner

In October 1999, Rosner was from the prison money into the JVA Dusseldorf laid in Derendorf, as he is said to have placed in the prison illegal drug trade. Rösner's request for early release was rejected by the Hamm Higher Regional Court in 2004, as was a shortening of his sentence .

Rösner worked from 2004 to 2012 the JVA Bochum (Krümmede) detained and hepatitis C ill. On March 25, 2009, law enforcement officers found seven grams of heroin in his solitary cell . Because of the unauthorized possession of narcotic drugs, he was sentenced in August 2009 by a lay judge at the Bochum district court to an additional six months' imprisonment. In October 2012 Rösner was transferred to the JVA Rheinbach and from 2013 to the JVA Aachen .

In October 2015, after 27 years in prison, Rösner left prison for the first time for four hours as part of an accompanying measure to "maintain fitness for life".

The earliest possible date for release from prison would have been February 27, 2016. If the rest of the life imprisonment were suspended on probation under Section 57a ​​of the Criminal Code , this would also apply to preventive detention under Section 67d (2) sentence 1 of the Criminal Code. In November 2017, Rösner went into rehabilitation therapy .

Dieter Degowski

From 1992 Degowski was imprisoned in the JVA Werl . In 2002, the Hamm Higher Regional Court refused his early release “because of the particular gravity of the guilt”. The duration of his imprisonment was set for at least 24 years, i.e. at least until January 2013. In 2008 Degowski submitted a petition for clemency , which was rejected in March 2009 by the then North Rhine-Westphalian Prime Minister Jürgen Rüttgers . Even after Degowski had served his minimum sentence, the Penal Enforcement Chamber of the Arnsberg Regional Court decided in August 2013 that he had to remain in custody for the time being.

From 2014 he was allowed to leave the prison within the framework of accompanied explanations. He was expected to be released from prison in August 2016. An expert opinion was prepared for this. On October 10, 2017, it was announced that he would be released on probation and given a new identity. The public prosecutor's office waived the appeal, so the decision became final. On February 15, 2018, Degowski was released from prison after almost 30 years.

Marion Löblich

Praiseworthy was given early release in the mid-1990s after six years in prison. She married a fourth time, took her husband's name and lived in Magdeburg in August 2013 .

Criticism of the press and the police

With their live reports and interviews, the media representatives offered the two criminals a public platform in a previously unknown form. This behavior of the press caused public outrage.

The behavior of journalists in Bremen was rated differently at the time. Due to the chaotic situation, journalists managed to obtain the release of five hostages. The journalists also achieved the release of the two bank employees at the Grundbergsee service area through a conversation with Rösner. Two reporters also took over the bleeding Emanuele at the door of the bus and carried the seriously injured boy into the aisle of the rest stop. Before that, one of the two reporters held the drooping head in front of the cameras "photo-appropriate".

Because of the misconduct of the journalists during the hostage drama, the German Press Council announced on September 7, 1988 that hostage-takers should not be interviewed during a hostage-taking and that unauthorized attempts at mediation were not part of journalists' tasks. The press code has been expanded accordingly. In a report in the Süddeutsche Zeitung 20 years after the hostage drama in Gladbeck, some of the journalists involved said they regretted their behavior, which had helped to support the criminals. The Berliner Tagesspiegel also analyzed the behavior of the media in a lengthy article on August 16, 2018.

“The bizarre fiasco in which the emergency services perished during the outrageous cat-and-mouse game of the perpetrators was only exceeded by the sensationalism of the reporters. While the police acted blindly, the media were all the closer. Right on the getaway car. They had their pictures of hostages covered in blood and threatened with guns. "

- Paul Jandl

The police tactics were also heavily criticized. The three command lines in North Rhine-Westphalia (Recklinghausen and Cologne) and Bremen were accused of serious organizational errors and psychological clumsiness. In contrast, North Rhine-Westphalia Interior Minister Schnoor defended the police action, but came under increasing pressure after the resignation of Bremen's Interior Senator Bernd Meyer . Supported by Prime Minister Johannes Rau , Schnoor had to answer in February 1989 at the request of the CDU opposition in the state parliament before a parliamentary committee of inquiry. There he was accused of underestimating the danger of the hostage-takers. He met the allegations u. a. with the fact that "... there were no wrong decisions, just a lack of right ones" and remained in office despite numerous requests for resignation. In June 1989 Schnoor was acquitted of responsibility for the course of the police operation. The Bochum public prosecutor's office rejected the initiation of preliminary proceedings for negligent homicide .

Work-up

Victim

The grave of Silke Bischoff (April 2018)

The fourteen-year-old student Emanuele De Giorgi (born December 25, 1973) was buried in Surbo (Italy); his coffin was followed by 25,000 mourners. The family went back to Italy in 1988.

Eighteen-year-old Silke Bischoff (born September 9, 1969) was training to be a legal assistant at the Bremen District Court. She is buried in the family grave of her grandfather Heinrich Bischoff, who died two years after the crime.

Ines Voitle, now Falk, fell ill with depression that went on for many years.

Memorials

At kilometer 38.0 on Autobahn 3 in the direction of Frankfurt / Main, where the hostage situation came to an end, a small wooden cross and a linden tree planted by the Landesbetrieb Straßenbau NRW / Bonn branch, which is visible from the Autobahn, reminded of Silke's death Bischoff. The cross was removed in 2002 as part of the construction work for the Aegidienberg tunnel on the Cologne – Frankfurt am Main ICE line . The establishment of a memorial initially failed due to concerns of the public order office of the city of Bad Honnef, but was later implemented. Since August 2009 there has been a steel sculpture created by the sculptor Franz Hämmerle from Windach next to the linden tree . It has 62 bullet holes, as many as the hostage-taker's getaway car had after being seized by the Cologne SEK. A commemorative plaque was attached to the noise protection wall of the A3 next to the nearby bridge on Kochbacher Strasse.

In 2008, the Cologne city center district council rejected a citizen's application to set up a stele with a bronze plaque in the Breite Straße pedestrian zone, where on August 18, 1988 the parked car with the hostage-takers and the two hostages was surrounded by onlookers and journalists.

At the Bremen- Huckelriede bus station , where the perpetrators took control of a BSAG bus on line 53 on the evening of August 17, 1988 , the Bremen Senate erected a stele on the green strip with the name of the victims Silke Bischoff, Emanuele at the end of March 2019 De Giorgi and Ingo Hagen inaugurated as a place of remembrance. The 120 cm high memorial stele made of light Epprechtstein granite with a dotted mineral structure is the work of the stonemason Katja Stelljes. A ginkgo tree was planted behind it . In many cultures, the ginkgo stands for friendship and love that outlast death and grief. There is a QR code on the front of the stele that links to a page on bremen.de where u. a. Video recordings of the public ceremony on March 30, 2019 can be seen.

  • Memorial for Silke Bischoff on the A3 motorway near Aegidienberg : next to the linden tree is the stele designed by the sculptor Franz Hämmerle from Windach

  • Base of the memorial sculpture on the A3 motorway

  • Memorial plaque on the A3 noise protection wall

  • The stele with the names of the three victims erected by the Bremen Senate at the end of March 2019 on the green strip of the Huckelriede bus station

Parliamentary committees of inquiry

The state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia and the Bremen citizenship convened investigative committees in 1988 to deal politically with any misconduct by the authorities.

In the movie

  • The film Terror 2000 - Intensive Care Unit Germany by Christoph Schlingensief was made in 1992 based on the Gladbeck hostage drama.
  • In the mid-1990s, an elaborate docu-drama about the events was created for the broadcaster RTL , with those directly involved also having their say. The film was broadcast in August 1998 under the title Race with Death - Gladbeck's Hostage Drama . At the time, RTL confirmed that the perpetrators had received “allowance” for background discussions about the film.
  • The television film A Big Thing by Bernd Schadewald , broadcast by Arte and ZDF in 1999, recreated the events of the hostage-taking in a mixture of reality TV and drama.
  • In 2014, the ARD announced that it wanted to film the hostage drama. Filming began over two years after the announcement, directed by Kilian Riedhof . In the run-up, Rösner had wanted to prevent production in court, but had failed. ARD broadcast the film as a two-part Gladbeck on March 7th and 8th, 2018.

Film documentaries

  • 1988 - The Gladbeck drama. 100 Years - The Countdown (Season 9, Episode 9). Germany 1999.
  • Michael Gramberg: Gladbeck - Document of a hostage situation. Documentation with images from German TV channels. WDR, Germany 2006.
  • Uli Weidenbach: ZDF History : The hostage drama of Gladbeck. ZDF, Germany 2013.
  • Nadja Kölling: The Gladbeck hostage drama - everything was different after that. Documentation with images from German TV channels as well as interviews with eyewitnesses and relatives. Das Erste, Germany 2018.

In music

  • Mike Oldfield used a short piece from a radio report about the hostage drama for his song Hostage on the album Earth Moving (1989).
  • The Dark Wave group 18 Summers initially named itself in the spring of 1990 after the hostage Silke Bischoff . Some texts refer to Silke Bischoff, for example on the track Why Me? from the 1991 debut album. After a legal battle between the founding members in 2002, the name 18 Summers (" 18 Summers ") was chosen, which refers to the age of Silke Bischoff at the time of her killing.
  • In the lyrics of Hier auf der first album Important (1993) by the Hamburg group Die Sterne, there is talk of the so-called "Rösner-Degowski Syndrome".
  • The German hardcore punk band Hammerhead put a photo of Degowski holding the gun to Bischoff's neck in the car on the cover of their debut album Stay Where The Pepper Grows (1994), on the back there is a photo montage of Rösner as a guitarist .
  • The hard rock group Axxis from the Ruhr area published the song Just a Story on their album Matters of Survival (1995) in 1995 , which reproduces the events of the Gladbeck hostage drama in a scenically modified form, but in terms of content with the sensationalism of journalists who are about reported the case.
  • The German hip-hop band Äi-Tiem released a piece entitled Gladbeck on the album Murphies Gesetz in 2006. The topic was already covered in the track If someone shoots here, then I'm covered in 1995 in the album of the same name.
  • Based on the cover of Hammerhead, the cover of the 2010 album Ausflug mit Freunde by the electro-punk band Egotronic alludes to the hostage drama.
  • The right-wing extremist band Saccara from Meppen sings about the hostage-taking on the album Sturmfest und Erderwachsen (title: hostage-taker ).
  • The German punk band Emscherkurve 77 alludes to one of the well-known photos of the hostage drama with the cover on their 2016 album Fire Dangerous. There is also a song on the album called Gladbeck , in which the failure of the police and the media is criticized in particular.

In the press and literature

  • What went wrong with the Gladbeck hostage affair. - Six-part series by Spiegel at the beginning of the trial on August 2, 1989:
    • In-house announcement regarding the title: “Did Silke Bischoff have to die? - Protocol of the hostage drama ” . In: Der Spiegel . No. 26 , 1989, pp. 3 ( online ).
    • "Do this, do that, do that" . In: Der Spiegel . No. 26 , 1989, pp. 60-66 ( online ).
    • Dieter Bednarz , Bruno Schrep : "Being dead is more beautiful than being without money": The bank robbery (I) . In: Der Spiegel . No. 26 , 1989, pp. 66-82 ( online ).
    • Dieter Bednarz, Bruno Schrep: "I am a criminal - you are a cop": Handing over the money and fleeing (II) . In: Der Spiegel . No. 27 , 1989, pp. 96-111 ( online ).
    • "Moral, what is that?": How the police tried to use psychological tricks to stop the hostage gangsters . In: Der Spiegel . No. 27 , 1989, pp. 102-103 ( online ).
    • Dieter Bednarz, Bruno Schrep: "Listen, what kind of crap are you doing?": The punctuated persecution (III) . In: Der Spiegel . No. 28 , 1989, pp. 96-114 ( online ).
    • Dieter Uentzelmann: "The cops shouldn't have done that": The fiasco of the Bremen police (IV) . In: Der Spiegel . No. 29 , 1989, pp. 91-110 ( online ).
    • Georg Bönisch: "Dieter looked like a devil": The failure of the North Rhine-Westphalian police (V) . In: Der Spiegel . No. 30 , 1989, pp. 84-98 ( online ).
    • Georg Bönisch: "She even asked: Why me?": The calculated death of Silke Bischoff (VI) . In: Der Spiegel . No. 31 , 1989, pp. 78-98 ( online ).
  • Guido Wärme : The hostage drama of Gladbeck - the "hour of the opposition" or the parliamentary committee of inquiry as a "blunt sword". In Guido Wärme: Lost Years? The North Rhine-Westphalian CDU in the opposition 1975–1995 , Part II: 1985–1990. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2010, ISBN 978-3-7700-1893-2 , pp. 635-734.
  • Wolfgang Berke, Jan Zweyer: bankruptcies, breakdowns and an unleashed media pack. The Gladbeck hostage drama. In: This: Really criminal. The spectacular falls from the Ruhr area. Klartext Verlag, Essen 2012, ISBN 978-3-8375-0705-8 , pp. 50–59.
  • Gudrun Altrogge, Jürgen Dahlkamp, ​​Nadja Kölling, Bruno Schrep: "Take it off, take it off" . In: Der Spiegel . No. 33 , 2008, p. 36-42 ( online ).
  • Peter Henning: A German summer. Novel. Construction Verlag, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-351-03542-6 .

Web links

Commons : Hostage-taking of Gladbeck  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Report “I can still hear Silke screaming today” Focus Magazin, No. 33 (2013), accessed on August 17, 2018.
  2. ↑ Bremen's Senator for the Interior resigned after Gladbeck: “The most concise crime”. In: archiv.rhein-zeitung.de. August 11, 1998. Retrieved July 28, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Gisela Friedrichsen : "... did you get straight to the point, Mr. Rösner?" In: Der Spiegel . No. 33 , 1989 ( online ).
  4. ↑ a b "Put it away, put it away" . In: Der Spiegel . No. 33 , 2008 ( online ).
  5. ↑ Gladbeck hostage takers: Dieter Degowski released from prison. In: spiegel.de . February 16, 2018, accessed March 11, 2018 .
  6. ↑ Stefanie Monien: hostage gangsters shocked the republic: They were the horror of Gladbeck. In: berliner-kurier.de . August 11, 2013, accessed March 30, 2018 .
  7. ↑ a b The amount was determined using the inflation template , rounded to 1000 euros and relates to January 2020.
  8. ^ The monsters of Gladbeck. In: Welt.de . March 7, 2018, accessed September 24, 2019.
  9. ↑ a b c d e Dieter Bednarz, Bruno Schrep: Listen, what kind of crap are you doing? In: Der Spiegel . No. 28 , 1989, pp. 96-114 ( online ).
  10. ↑ Mike Fiebig: Gladbeck hostage takers ordered breakfast in the Hagener Cafe. In: wp.de . August 14, 2013, accessed March 31, 2018 .
  11. ^ The hostage gangster from Gladbeck - Dieter Degowski (1991). April 22, 2016, accessed February 6, 2018 .
  12. ↑ "The cops shouldn't have done that" - What went wrong in the Gladbeck hostage affair (IV): The Bremen police fiasco . In: Der Spiegel . No. 29 , 1989 ( online ).
  13. ↑ Weserkurier of August 19, 1988 on silkebischoff.jimdofree.com - press
  14. ↑ Stefan Domke: "I just got scared" - Frank Plasberg on his involvement in the hostage drama in 1988. Interview. In: wdr.de. August 13, 2003. Retrieved April 26, 2018 .
  15. ^ A b Josef Hufelschulte: Report: "Silke Bischoff could still live". Section Dispute over armament during use. Interview with Rainer Kesting. In: Focus , August 11, 2008; Retrieved September 15, 2009.
  16. ^ Josef Hufelschulte: Report: "Silke Bischoff could still live". Section “The final rescue shot would have been justified”. Interview with Rainer Kesting. In: Focus , August 11, 2008; Retrieved September 15, 2009.
  17. ^ Josef Hufelschulte: Report: "Silke Bischoff could still live". Section: “I, Rainer Kesting, pinched”. Interview with Rainer Kesting. In: Focus , August 11, 2008; Retrieved September 15, 2009.
  18. ↑ Reiner Burger: Gladbeck hostage drama: 54 hours of state failure. In: faz.net . August 14, 2013, accessed March 3, 2018 .
  19. ↑ a b Gisela Friedrichsen: The very big club. In: Spiegel Online . August 11, 2009. Retrieved January 17, 2012 .
  20. ↑ a b c d e f Georg Bönisch: "You even asked: Why me?" In: Der Spiegel . No. 31 , 1989 ( online ).
  21. ↑ Hermann Weiß: Star lawyer Bossi: "Geiselgangster Degowski is not a murderer." In: Die Welt , accessed on December 21, 2009.
  22. ↑ Guido Brandenburg, Bernhard Kelm, Josef Ley: 20 years after Gladbeck: For the first time, hostage gangster Rösner speaks. In: Bild , June 20, 2013 (The conversation must have been held in 2008, probably also the first publication.); Retrieved July 23, 2013.
  23. ↑ Overall judgment of the LG Essen from March 22, 1991 on gladbeck.rnd.de (pdf; 8.7 MB)
  24. ↑ Rolf Schraa: For the perpetrators Rösner and Degowski freedom remains a distant dream. In: Bonner General-Anzeiger , August 15, 2008.
  25. ↑ Background: Keyword: life imprisonment and preventive detention. Handelsblatt , December 11, 2002; Retrieved March 22, 2009.
  26. ↑ Gladbeck hostage drama "A case that got on my nerves" In: Spiegel Online , August 15, 2018, accessed on August 17, 2018.
  27. ↑ Gladbeck gangsters: Hostage taker Rösner as a prison king . In: Focus . No. 43/1999 , October 1999 ( focus.de [accessed on March 6, 2018]).
  28. ↑ Bernd Kiesewetter: Hostage gangster Rösner caught in jail with heroin. Report from the WAZ from April 17, 2009 on derwesten.de; Retrieved August 9, 2009.
  29. ↑ Iris Klingelhöfer: Gangsters in normal execution: hostage gangster Rösner stews in Rheinbach prison. express.de, November 10, 2012, accessed on November 11, 2012.
  30. ↑ Gladbeck hostage gangster: Hans-Jürgen Rösner may briefly leave prison. Spiegel Panorama , accessed December 16, 2016.
  31. ↑ Hostage gangsters don't see each other again in Werler jail. Soester Anzeiger , April 13, 2016, accessed April 24, 2016.
  32. ↑ Gladbeck hostage taker: Hans-Jürgen Rösner wants to go into open execution. In: rp-online.de. January 13, 2018, accessed July 2, 2018 .
  33. ^ The hostage-taker Degowski asks for mercy. AP article in the Rheinische Post from August 12, 2008; Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  34. ^ Rüttgers rejects Degowski's petition for clemency. Report from the Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of March 22, 2009 on derwesten.de; Retrieved August 11, 2009.
  35. ↑ rls / dpa: hostage drama by Gladbeck: expert against the release of Degowski. August 7, 2013, accessed August 14, 2013 .
  36. ↑ dpa / bar: Court is examining probation for Degowski hostage-taker. June 20, 2013, accessed August 15, 2013 .
  37. ↑ Gladbeck hostage taker: Court rejects Degowski's short-term release from prison. August 14, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013 .
  38. ↑ Gladbeck hostage murderer is being prepared for freedom. Die Welt from June 3, 2014.
  39. ^ The hostage-taker von Gladbeck can hope for release. FAZ of August 7, 2016.
  40. ^ Hostage takers from Gladbeck: Dieter Degowski may soon be at large. In: stern.de . August 7, 2016, accessed March 7, 2018 .
  41. ↑ Decision legally binding - Dieter Degowski released Berliner Zeitung, October 19, 2017.
  42. ↑ Gladbeck hostage gangster Dieter Degowski released from prison Rheinische Post online, February 16, 2018.
  43. ↑ Series of images: 20 years after Gladbeck - Marion Löblich, the friend of the hostage gangster: "Rösner wanted to shoot me on the run!" In: bild.de. November 27, 2009, accessed August 18, 2018 .
  44. ↑ Markus Lanz (TV broadcast) : 20 years of Gladbeck's hostage drama . Broadcast on June 18, 2008.
  45. ↑ a b Wolfgang Kaes : 25 years of Gladbeck's hostage drama: “Don't be afraid. I protect you". In: general-anzeiger-bonn.de . August 2, 2013, accessed March 8, 2018 .
  46. ↑ H. Gertz: Gladbeck hostage drama - In the intoxication of the deep. In: sueddeutsche.de . May 17, 2010, accessed March 9, 2018 .
  47. ↑ Bernd Gäbler : What the media have learned. In: Der Tagesspiegel . August 15, 2018. Retrieved August 26, 2018 .
  48. ↑ Paul Jandl: The pinball ball in the head of the Gladbeck perpetrator. Die Welt , July 23, 2013
  49. ↑ Uly Foerster, Georg Bönisch: "The police must act". North Rhine-Westphalia Interior Minister Herbert Schnoor (SPD) on the police operation . In: Der Spiegel . No. 34 , 1988, pp. 24-27 ( Online - Aug. 22, 1988 ).
  50. ↑ We can't handle that . In: Der Spiegel . No. 35 , 1988, pp. 88-94 ( Online - Aug. 29, 1988 ).
  51. ↑ Good person . In: Der Spiegel . No. 48 , 1988, pp. 25-26 ( Online - Nov. 28, 1988 ).
  52. ↑ Not desirable . In: Der Spiegel . No. 7 , 1989, pp. 23-25 ( Online - Feb. 13, 1989 ).
  53. ↑ Herbert Schnoor's reply to: “Not desirable” . In: Der Spiegel . No. 12 , 1989, pp. 34 ( Online - Mar. 20, 1989 ).
  54. ↑ Three minutes . In: Der Spiegel . No. 47 , 1988, pp. 30-31 ( Online - Nov. 21, 1988 ).
  55. ↑ “Don't be afraid. I protect you". In: general-anzeiger-bonn.de, August 2, 2013.
  56. ↑ Hayke Lanwert: Gladbeck hostage drama: Ines Voitle survived thanks to Silke Bischoff. In: waz.de . August 14, 2008, accessed March 10, 2018 .
  57. ↑ No memorial for Silke Bischoff. In: General-Anzeiger , August 20, 2003, accessed on March 19, 2016.
  58. ^ Claus Moser: A3 / Silke Bischoff Memorial. Photo of the memorial. In: flickr.com . July 15, 2011, accessed March 31, 2018 .
  59. ↑ TOP 2.1: Submission for the erection of a stele with a bronze plaque to commemorate the “Gladbeck hostage drama” in 1988. City of Cologne, submission for the meeting on September 23, 2008, accessed on March 10, 2018.
  60. ^ Radio Bremen : Gladbeck hostage drama: memorial plaque for victims in Bremen-Huckelriede. In: buten un inside . March 30, 2019, accessed September 16, 2019 .
  61. ↑ Memory of the victims of the hostage-taking of Gladbeck and Bremen. In: bremen.de. Retrieved September 16, 2019 .
  62. ↑ Final report of the Gladbeck hostage-taking investigation committee: two versions - “One-time criminal case with atypical perpetrators and circumstances” . In: Karl Josef Denzer (Ed.): Landtag Intern . 21st year, no. 7/1990 . State Parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia, Düsseldorf April 3, 1990, p. 9 f . ( landtag.nrw.de [PDF; 338 kB ; accessed on April 4, 2018]).
  63. ↑ www.landtag.nrw.de Report of the "Gladbeck" inquiry committee, printed matter 10/5291, accessed on December 28, 2013 (PDF).
  64. ↑ Investigation Committee hostage drama - Final Report, Official Parliamentary 12/667 , accessed on March 8, 2018 (PDF).
  65. ↑ Oliver Gehrs : The gangster as a star. Berliner Zeitung , August 19, 1998, accessed on August 18, 2012 .
  66. ↑ Kevin Hennings: ARD: Hostage drama "Gladbeck" is now being filmed. In: dwdl.de . July 18, 2016, accessed March 10, 2018 .
  67. ↑ Annika Lütje: Delmenhorst becomes the location. In: Weser-Kurier.de. July 25, 2016, accessed March 11, 2018 .
  68. ↑ Gladbeck. In: DasErste.de. Retrieved March 11, 2018 .
  69. ↑ 1988 - The Drama of Gladbeck in the Internet Movie Database (English).
  70. ^ Gladbeck - Document of a hostage situation. In: programm.ARD.de. August 16, 2013, accessed March 11, 2018 .
  71. ↑ Interview with Michael Gramberg. In: WDR.de. June 12, 2006, accessed March 11, 2018 .
  72. ^ ZDF History: The hostage drama of Gladbeck. In: Programm.ARD.de. August 17, 2013, accessed March 11, 2018 .
  73. ↑ ZDF shows the Gladbeck documentary. In: Meedia.de. August 5, 2013, accessed March 11, 2018 .
  74. ↑ The Gladbeck hostage drama - After that everything was different. In: DasErste.de. Retrieved March 11, 2018 .