Yellow rust
| Yellow rust | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Puccinia striiformis | ||||||||||||
| West end. |
The yellow rust or strip rust ( Puccinia striiformis ) is a representative of the rust fungi (Pucciniales) and an important harmful fungus in cereal crops in Central Europe.
Features and life cycle
Intermediate hosts of the yellow rust are different types of barberries ( Berberis chinensis , Berberis holstii , Berberis koreana and Berberis vulgaris , and also Hynride). Hibernation takes place either on the intermediate host, as uredospore or as mycelium . Uredospores die in frost, and so do the fungal mycelia in severe frost. However, the uredospores can attack the main host again, despite the formation of teliospores , so that the intermediate host was unknown for a long time, and it was even suspected that there was no intermediate host.
The uredospores lie in the spore beds in a thin slime. As a result, packages of spores and not individual spores are transported by wind or rain. The germination of the uredospores takes place in the presence of water and temperatures above 0 ° C. The germ hyphae penetrate the plants through the stomata . The fungus forms running hyphae along the leaf veins. Numerous uredospore beds are formed along these, which are arranged in rows, which is why the fungus is also called strip rust.
Favorable conditions for severe infections are temperatures between 10 and 15 ° C, high humidity and light intensity.
Host plants and symptoms
The yellow rust mainly affects wheat , triticale and barley . Then rye follows at a considerable distance . However, yellow rust can also appear on a number of other types of grass.
At the beginning, irregularly distributed, bright red rust pustules form on the leaf blades , which gradually become stripes between the leaf veins. If the infestation is very severe, the pustules form a coherent area. This triggers emergency ripening in the plants. The yellow rust initially forms nests in the plant population, from which it spreads further. Before the grain ripens, the yellow rust forms teleutospores on the underside of the leaves, which are long covered by the epidermis .
distribution
The yellow rust is particularly widespread in the Atlantic climate and accordingly occurs in Europe mainly in north-western Europe, but also in higher-lying growing areas. Susceptible varieties are also infested in drier areas.
Importance as a harmful organism
In damp weather, the yellow rust can lead to yield losses of 50%. Wheat infestation is economically important .
supporting documents
- Gerhard Bedlan: Yellow rust of the grain (Puccinia striiformis). AGES , accessed on March 1, 2020.
- Yue Jin, Les J. Szabo, Martin Carson: Century-old Mystery of Puccinia striiformis Life History Solved with the Identification of Berberis as an Alternate Host. In: Phytopathology. Vol. 100, 2010, ISSN 0031-949X , pp. 432-435, doi : 10.1094 / PHYTO-100-5-0432 .
further reading
- XM Chen: Epidemiology and control of stripe rust [Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici] on wheat. In: Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. Vol. 27, 2005, ISSN 1715-2992 , pp. 314–337 (pdf; 730 kB)
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Yue Jin, Les J. Szabo, Martin Carson: Century-old Mystery of Puccinia striiformis Life History Solved with the Identification of Berberis as an Alternate Host . In: Phytopathology . tape 100 , 2010, ISSN 0031-949X , p. 432-435 , doi : 10.1094 / PHYTO-100-5-0432 .
- ↑ XM Chen: Epidemiology and control of stripe rust [Pucciniastriiformisf. sp.tritici] on wheat . In: Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology . tape 27 , 2005, pp. 314-337 ( usda.gov [PDF]).
- ↑ Yellow rust of the grain. In: Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety GmbH. AGES, accessed on March 1, 2020 .
Web links
- Wheat stripe rust from Agricultural Research Service.
- Yellow rust in the grain Photo gallery of the yellow rust