Yellow-fronted bearded bird
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Yellow-fronted Bearded Bird ( Pogoniulus chrysoconus ) |
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| ( Temminck , 1832) |
The yellow-headed bearded bird ( Pogoniulus chrysoconus ), also known as the yellow-headed dwarf bearded , is a species of bird from the African bearded family and belongs to the species of the dwarf bearded within this family. The species occurs on both sides of the equator in Africa and, together with the yellow-tufted dwarf beardling, has the largest distribution area among the dwarf beards. The yellow-fronted bearded bird is also found furthest north in Africa.
The IUCN classifies the yellow-fronted bearded bird as not endangered ( least concern ). Several subspecies are distinguished.
Appearance
The males of the nominate form have a wing length of 5.5 to 6.3 centimeters. The tail measures between 2.8 and 3.4 centimeters. The beak reaches a length of 1.1 to 1.3 centimeters. Females have similar dimensions. There is no noticeable sexual dimorphism . The weight of yellow-headed bearded birds is between 11 and 17 grams.
Males and females have a yellow to golden yellow forehead and in some individuals even an orange forehead. A narrow black and a narrow white stripe runs between the forehead and the base of the beak. The black face is interrupted by three white stripes, one of which runs above the eye, one from the back eye to the nape of the neck, and a third from the base of the beak to the shoulders. The top of the body is black with yellow and white vertical stripes. The rump is pale yellow, the upper tail-coverts are yellow with fine black stripes. The control feathers are black-brown on top and have yellow to white hems. On the underside, the control springs are more matt with white spring shafts. The chin, throat, chest and sides of the chest are lemon yellow, the belly up to the lower tail ceilings lightens this yellow to a white yellow.
The black-brown to gray-black beak is strong and tapering off. The featherless skin around the eyes is gray, the eyes are brown. The legs and feet are gray-black.
It can only be confused with the fiery- forehead bearded bird, which can be distinguished from the yellow-browed bearded bird by its red forehead. On the basis of the vocalizations, however, the species cannot be differentiated.
Distribution area
The distribution area of the yellow-fronted bearded bird extends from southwest Mauritania , Senegal and Gambia to Chad , Sudan and Ethiopia . The species is also found in Ghana , Cameroon , the Central African Republic , Uganda , Kenya , the Democratic Republic of the Congo , Rwanda , Burundi , in western Tanzania , in northern Namibia and Botswana , the Transvaal , in the northeast of the South African Cape Province and in southern Mozambique . The yellow-fronted bearded bird can generally be found below altitudes of 1,500 meters. In Malawi it is also found at 1,800 meters above sea level and in Ethiopia even at 3,000 meters above sea level .
Way of life
The yellow-fronted bearded bird is a very adaptable species and inhabits a number of very different habitats, from dry scrubland in West Africa to evergreen mountain forests in Ethiopia. Basically, the yellow-browed bearded bird lives solitary. Its food spectrum consists mainly of fruits and, to a much lesser extent, of insects. Insects are occasionally caught in flight. The yellow-fronted bearded bird is basically a very aggressive bird species that reacts to the vocalizations of other African bearded birds. The hunting grounds are indicated by singing; the exact size of the hunting grounds is not known, but it may only be two or three hectares.
The yellow-browed bearded bird is a cave breeder that chops its nesting holes into dead trees. The nest holes are usually two to five meters above the ground. The entrance has a diameter of about two centimeters. The clutches include two to three eggs. The breeding season is estimated at twelve days and the nestling period at around three weeks. Both parent birds are involved in feeding the nestlings. Otherwise little is known about the reproductive biology of this species.
supporting documents
literature
- Lester L. Short, Jennifer FM Horne: Toucans, Barbets and Honeyguides - Ramphastidae, Capitonidae and Indicatoridae. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2001, ISBN 0-19-854666-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Short et al., P. 169
- ↑ Short et al., P. 168
- ↑ Short et al., P. 169 and p. 170
- ↑ Short et al., P. 170
- ↑ Short et al., P. 170
- ↑ Short et al., P. 171
Web links
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird (Pogoniulus chrysoconus) in the Internet Bird Collection
- Pogoniulus chrysoconus in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2013.2. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2012. Retrieved February 2, 2014.