Geometric style
The geometric style (approx. 900 - 700/675 BC) is an art style in Greek art . Derived from this art-historical term, the period that is dominated by the geometric style in the art of ancient Greece is called the geometric time or the time of the geometric style .
This period, roughly the years from 900 to 700/675 BC. Is divided into the phases of the Early Geometric style (around 900–800 BC), the High Geometric style (around 800–740 BC) and the Late Geometric style (around 740–700 BC), with the The duration of the individual phases can differ both locally and in relation to the art form as the bearer of the style.
In this style the essence of ancient Greek art and religiosity comes to light. In the 9th century BC One finds a strict phase, which is dominated by geometrical ornaments such as meanders and replaces the mostly large, usually simple ornaments of protogeometric ceramics . In addition to the ornamental friezes , figurative representations become more important in the painting of geometric ceramics . In sculpture from around 770/750 BC B.C. the figurative representations of the vases were accompanied by examples of similar forms of expression. Mostly it is about vessel attachments that are increasingly moved and formed extending into space. Simple group compositions, such as lion fighting groups, appear in these portraits, which are only 10–20 cm high, and mythological figures such as centaurs can be clearly recognized. Larger wooden cult images, Xoana , which were still highly venerated and regarded as sacred in later times, have also been handed down in writing .
In the course of their development, both art forms became forerunners of the animal friezes and figurative images of the archaic style . Because in the century of Homer after 750 BC The strictly geometric direction of the style dissolved. Mythical creatures and predators now appear among the peaceful animals of the Frisians . One begins to depict legends and the orientalizing style is announced.
See also
literature
- Bernhard Schweitzer : Investigations on the chronology of the geometric styles in Greece, I. G. Braunsche Hofbuchdruckerei, Karlsruhe in Baden [1917] OCLC 26840078 (digitized version )
- Bernhard Schweitzer: Investigations on the chronology of the geometric styles in Greece, II. In: Communications of the German Archaeological Institute, Athenian Department. Volume 43, 1918, pp. 1-152.
- JN Coldstream : Greek Geometric Pottery. A Survey of Ten Local Styles and Their Chronology (= Methuen's Handbooks of Archeology ). Methuen, London 1968.
- Bernhard Schweitzer: The Geometric Art of Greece. Early world of forms in the age of Homer. With the collaboration of Jochen Briegleb, edited by Ulrich Hausmann . DuMont Schauberg, Cologne 1969, DNB 458915939 .
- Helmut Jung: Enthroned and seated gods: on the Greek idol and human ideal in the geometric and early Archaic times. Habelt, Bonn 1982, ISBN 3-7749-1918-6 . (Dissertation University of Marburg 1974)
- Josef Floren , Werner Fuchs : The Greek sculpture. Volume 1: The geometric and archaic sculpture (= handbook of archeology ). Beck, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-406-31718-9 .
- JN Coldstream: Geometric Greece . Second, revised edition. Routledge, London / New York, NY 2003, ISBN 0-203-42576-6 .
- Susan Helen Langdon: Art and Identity in Dark Age Greece, 1100–700 BCE Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York 2008.
