Geometric ceramics

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As geometric ceramic is called the vases made of clay and vessels of the Greek Vasenmalerei which in Geometric period v between about 900 and 700th Were created. During this epoch, the vessel shapes tightened more than in the protogeometric phase . The surface of the vessels is decorated with rich ornaments , the pattern of which is becoming more and more complicated. Circles and semicircles disappear as ornaments. It is replaced by the meander as the new main motif, which adorns large areas of the vessels in a constantly new and increasingly complex structure.

Geometric pottery is usually divided into three main phases:

  • Early Geometric approx. 900 to 850 BC Chr.
  • Middle geometric (also strict geometric) approx. 850 to 760/50 BC Chr.
  • Late Geometric approx. 760/50 to 700 BC Chr.

From around 800 BC, figurative motifs reappear in vase painting. In addition to animals, people are also depicted in the Late Geometric Period (760/50 to 700 BC). The representation takes place in the form of silhouettes , which alternately show the upper body from the front and the lower body from the side.

The themes of the representations are often borrowed from the grave cult. In addition to Prothesis and Ekphora , the warlike world, shipping and probably mythological descriptions are also discussed. Carriages and warriors in frieze-like processions often dominate the central areas of the vessels. The representations are always black, rarely red, on the lighter clay background. From the late 8th century BC The geometric style is encountered less and less in BC. In Greek vase painting, clay vessels are referred to as subgeometric if they are still painted in the geometric style, but which were already in the 7th century BC with orientalizing styles (e.g. early Proto-Corinthian ). Overlap.

Indigenous clay pots from southern Italy are also referred to as (proto) geometrical (decorated). From the late 2nd millennium BC Painted ceramics appeared, which were described as lower-Italian-protogeometric, younger specimens as lower-Italian-geometric (earlier mostly as Japygic-protogeometric or -geometric). The Daunian , Peuketic and Messapic ceramics are in their tradition , styles that at about the same time in Puglia the geometric design patterns until the 4th century BC. Chr. And are also referred to as subgeometric. In research, however, the (proto) geometric sub-Italian ceramics are predominantly viewed as an independent development, without any connections to Greek ceramics; The Apulian-sugeometric styles take up elements of the contemporary Greek pottery of the Greek colonies, but are still clearly in the local tradition.

literature

  • John Boardman : Early Greek Vase Painting. 11th - 6th centuries BC. A handbook. Thames & Hudson, London 1998, ISBN 0-500-20309-1 .
  • JN Coldstream : Greek Geometric Pottery. A Survey of Ten Local Styles and their Chronology. Methuen, London 1968 (2nd revised edition. Bristol Phoenix Press, Exeter 2008, ISBN 978-1-904675-81-5 ).
  • JN Coldstream: Geometric Greece. 900-700 BC. 2nd edition. Routledge, London et al. 2003, ISBN 0-415-29899-7 .
  • Werner Ekschmitt : Art and Culture of the Cyclades. Part II: Geometric and Archaic Time . Mainz on the Rhine 1986.
  • Norbert Kunisch : Ornaments of Geometric Vases. A compendium. Böhlau, Cologne et al. 1998, ISBN 3-412-11897-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gorny and Mosch, catalog of the 264th auction, June 27, 2019, lot 74