Chalcidian vase painting
The chalkidian pottery is an important genus of black-figure Greek vase painting .
The Chalcidian vase painting was named after mythological inscriptions , which were sometimes applied in Chalcidian script . Andreas Rumpf , Adolf Kirchhoff , who coined the name, and other archaeologists suspected the origin of the ceramics on Euboea . It is now assumed that the pottery was made in Rhegion , perhaps also in Caere . However, the question has not yet been finally clarified. What speaks against the localization in southern Italy is that some of the vases had trademarks that were not otherwise used in this region of Greater Greece . In addition to Chalkis , the Chalcidian alphabet was also used in other parts of Euboea and Etruria . An argument against production in Etruria is that Etruscan ceramics were generally not exported to southern Italy. The painting style shows no Euboean features, so it cannot come from there. The Chalcidian vase painting was influenced by the Attic , Corinthian and especially the Ionic vase painting . The vases were found mainly in Italian places such as Caere, Vulci and Rhegion, but also in Empúries , İzmir , Marseille and Skyros . East of the Adriatic , only a fragment has so far been found in Smyrna . The Chalcidian vase painting is followed by the pseudo-Chalcidian vase painting .
The production of the Chalcidian vases starts suddenly around 560 BC. A. Forerunners have not yet been identified. After 50 years, around 510 BC BC, the production ended again. About 600 preserved vases are known today, 15 painters or groups of painters have been recognized so far. The vases are characterized by the excellent quality of the pottery. The gloss shade with which they were coated is generally deep black after the fire. The tone has an orange hue. When painting, red and white opaque colors are used generously, as well as incisions for internal drawing. The main form is the neck amphora , which makes up a quarter of all known vases, there are also eye cups , oinochoa and hydria , more rarely are craters , skyphoi and pyxids . Lekanids and cups based on the Etruscan model are exceptions. In terms of construction, the vases appear taut and strict. The so-called "Chalcidian bowl foot" is characteristic. It is sometimes imitated in black-figure vases in attic, less often in red-figure vases ( chalcidizing bowl ).
The most important representative among the recognized artists is in the older generation of the inscription painters , among the younger representatives the Phineus painters . The first is probably the inventor of the style, the very productive workshop of the latter alone is attributed about 170 of the known vases. He is probably also the last representative of the style. The images usually have a decorative rather than narrative effect. Riders, animal friezes, heraldic images or groups of people are shown. A large lotus palmette cross is often part of the picture. Mythical images are rarely shown, but these are generally of particularly outstanding quality. 30 mythological subjects are known. Here only half are assigned to the inscription painter. The legends of Heracles , images from the Trojan War and the Argonauts saga are shown . Images with stories of gods are rare, only known is the two-time depiction of the return of Hephaestus to Olympus . Nymphs , Selene or the running Gorgon are more often represented. The figures appear very elastic and lively. Necklaces of buds and rosettes are the most common ornaments.
literature
- Thomas Mannack : Greek vase painting. An introduction. Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1743-2 , pp. 129-131.
- Andreas Rumpf (Ed.): Chalcidian vases. Using the preliminary work by Georg Loeschcke . 3 volumes. de Gruyter, Berlin 1927.
- Matthias Steinhart : Chalcidian vase painting. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 2, Metzler, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-476-01472-X , Sp. 1088 f.
