Pontic vases
As Pontic Group , a sub-style is Etruscan - black-figure vase painting of the second half of the 6th century BC. Chr. Designated. About 200 vases of this group are known today.
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Ferdinand Dümmler's vases were given the misleading name “Pontic” due to the depiction of archers on a vase that was thought to be Scythians who lived on the Black Sea ( Pontos Euxeinos ).
However, due to their location and style, the Pontic vases have been recognized as Etruscan. Most of the vases were found in tombs in Vulci , and another considerable part in Cerveteri . The style is based on Attic black-figure vase painting, but also has influences from Corinthian and Eastern Greek vase painting . It is sometimes believed that the vases were made in workshops in Etruria by craftsmen who immigrated from Ionia . To date, research has identified five main vase painters. The Paris painter is considered the earliest and best , followed by the Tityos painter .
The main form is the neck amphora , which is remarkably slim. They are very similar to Tyrrhenian amphorae . Other forms were oinochoai with spiral handles, Dinoi , Kyathos , plates and cups hochfußige, rare kantharos or others. The structure of Pontic vases is the same. In general, they have an ornamental decoration on the neck, a figurative frieze followed on the shoulder, followed by another ornamental band, which was followed by an animal frieze and finally a halo. The base, neck and handle are black. The importance of the ornaments is striking. Sometimes vessels are decorated purely ornamentally.
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The tone of the vases is yellowish-red, the glossy tone with which the vases were coated black to brownish-reddish, is of high quality and has a metallic sheen. Red and white opaque paint are used a lot for figures as well as ornaments. Animals were usually decorated with a white stripe on their stomach. The ornaments are often designed rather carelessly. Shown are mythological characters like a beardless Hermes , Centaurs , Theseus , the Minotaur , Achilles and Troilus , satyrs , maenads , and how eastern Greece in common a beardless Herakles . There are also representations from the Trojan saga . Sometimes there are scenes outside of Greek mythology, such as Heracles fighting Iuno Sospita by the Paris painter or a wolf demon by the Tityos painter. Outside the mythological themes there are comasts and riders.
literature
- Pericle Ducati : Pontic vases. (= Research on ancient ceramics . Row 1: Pictures of Greek vases. Vol. 5). Keller, Berlin 1932.
- Tobias Dohrn : The black-figure Etruscan vases from the second half of the sixth century. Triltsch & Huther, Berlin 1936, pp. 33–89, 145–151 (Cologne, University, dissertation, 1935).
- John D. Beazley : Etruscan vase painting (= Oxford Monographs on Classical Archeology. Vol. 1, ZDB -ID 417418-5 ). Clarendon Press, Oxford 1947, p. 12.
- Enrico Paribeni : Pontici, Vasi. In: Ranuccio Bianchi Bandinelli (ed.): Enciclopedia dell'Arte Antica. Volume 6: Pec - Saq. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1965, digitized .
- Maria Antonietta Rizzo: La ceramica a figure nere. In: Marina Martelli (ed.): La ceramica degli Etruschi. La Pittura Vascolare. Istituto Geografico de Agostini, Novara 1987, pp. 31-35.
- John Boardman : Early Greek Vase Painting. 11th - 6th centuries BC. A handbook. Thames and Hudson, London 1998, ISBN 0-500-20309-1 , pp. 219-223.
- Matthias Steinhart : Pontic vase painting. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 10, Metzler, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-476-01480-0 , column 138 f.
- Thomas Mannack : Greek vase painting. An introduction. Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1743-2 , p. 133.
Individual evidence
- ^ Ferdinand Dümmler: About a class of Greek vases with black figures. In: Communications from the Imperial German Archaeological Institute, Roman Department. Vol. 2, 1887, ISSN 0342-1287 , pp. 171-192, digitized .