Georgskapelle Groß Lieder
The St. George's Chapel is located in the old town center of the former farming village of Groß Liedern near Uelzen (first documented mention in 1006 in a document from the Oldenstadt monastery). The Gothic chapel dates from the second half of the 14th century and is a typical example of late medieval village sacral architecture, of which numerous examples have survived in the Uelzen district (close typological proximity to the church buildings in Hanstedt I, Riestedt , Römstedt , Oetzen , Veerßen ). The name of the chapel after St. George apparently only appeared in the 20th century and goes back to the main figure of the late Gothic carved altar, which is the most important piece of equipment in the chapel. The chapel is a prime example of the small medieval “village churches in the area around Uelzen”, which, in terms of architectural history, belong to the wider area surrounding the church buildings around the Lüneburg St. John's Church. Here it becomes clear how the “great” architecture was reflected in the region.
building
The chapel is a single-nave Gothic brick building with a 5/10 choir closure. The chapel nave has a flat ceiling, the choir is vaulted. The sound consoles with which the vault ribs end at the bottom are remarkable: They show human heads and show the model of the Uelzen Apostle Chapel at St. Marien (Uelzen) . The south portal with its profiled reveal is also reminiscent of the Apostle Chapel and is a further argument for the rather precise dating “after the middle” of the 14th century (Michler). The chapel originally had pointed arched windows with simple tracery; In the 19th century these windows were largely enlarged to form arched windows. The building is extremely simple outside and inside: the only ornament on the outside consists of a circumferential band of glazed bricks (below the choir window). In the interior, twelve consecration crosses on the pillars remind of the twelve apostles who, according to Christian ideas, carry the Church in the world. In addition, traces of tendril friezes were found on the walls of the choir, which were carefully reconstructed; these tendrils can be interpreted as signs of life.
tower
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The brick tower that adjoins the chapel to the west is a later addition and is dated in its present form to the middle of the 16th century or the 17th century. The tower masonry encloses a wooden belfry from around 1500, which was originally boarded up (Schwesig). As one of the oldest surviving wooden belfry in Lower Saxony, it is of national importance. Originally intended for three bells, it now houses a medieval bell ( strike h 1 , 394 kg, diameter 87 cm), which already shows a transition shape to the Gothic rib and is provided with a total of eight pilgrim signs (including depictions of Mary and a martyr -Bishop). The bell without any inscriptions is presumably dated to the 13th century and thus possibly represents "the oldest bell that came to us" in the Uelzen district (Strasser).
Furnishing
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The important late Gothic winged altar is dated to around 1520. When open, it shows St. George fighting a dragon in the middle field, on the left side flanked by Anna herself and on the right side by the Virgin Mary with the Christ child. The two altar wings also show female figures from the Bible or from the calendar of saints (from left to right): Catherine of Alexandria , Barbara of Nicomedia (left wing of the altar), Maria Magdalena , Margaret of Antioch (right wing of the altar). The altar program shows a combination of people from the (biblical or legendary) environment of Jesus (Maria, Anna, Maria Magdalena) with four representatives from the group of the fourteen saints , three of them as virgines capitales ("main virgins") for the medieval piety were of particular importance. The medieval veneration of saints is indicated by the inscriptions in the cloak hems, which combine the saint's name with the invocation formula “ora pro nobis”, also used in the litany. The back of the altar wing shows high-quality panel paintings (carrying the cross, crucifixion ), which are dated to the time the altar carving was made and are only available today in fragments. A late Gothic crucifix ( three-nail type , 15th or early 16th century) hangs over the altar today , and three men (saints?) Can be seen in rustic grisaille painting (mid-16th century) on the rear wall of the altar shrine .
Use / viewing opportunity
The St. George Chapel is the worship room of the Evangelical Lutheran. Kapellengemeinde Groß Liedern, which became ev.-luth. Parish Oldenstadt in the parish of Uelzen belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hanover (previously to the parish of Rätzlingen). The chapel is used for church services on public holidays and in spring and autumn (on Sundays at 9 a.m.). Outside of the service hours, the chapel can be visited on the Open Monument Day and by prior appointment.
literature
- Architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, Volume 27: Uelzen district (monument topography Federal Republic of Germany), edited by Wilhelm Lucka, Braunschweig and Wiesbaden 1984 (especially p. 81).
- August Burmester: The chapel for large songs and its renovated altar shrine . In: Der Heidewanderer (local supplement to the Allgemeine Zeitung der Lüneburger Heide), 1931, no. 23, p. 180f.
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Bremen Lower Saxony . Edited by Gerd Weiß et al., Munich 1992 (on the chapel p. 570).
- Reimer Egge: 1006 Hlitherum - Groß Liedern 2006. The story of a village . Uelzen 2006.
- Gerhard Eitzen: Wooden bell towers . In: Der Heidewanderer (local supplement to the Allgemeine Zeitung der Lüneburger Heide), 1951, pp. 2–3.
- Hans Georg Gmelin: Late Gothic panel painting in Lower Saxony and Bremen . Munich 1974 (esp. Pp. 193-196).
- Franz Krüger: wooden bell towers in the administrative district of Lüneburg . In: Journal of Architecture and Engineering . 1915, pp. 121-178.
- Willi Meyne: Lüneburg sculpture of the XV. Century . Lüneburg 1959, pp. 144f.
- Gert von der Osten : Lüneburg and Lübeck carvers around 1500 . In: Lower Saxony Yearbook for State History . Volume 23, 1951, pp. 89-115.
- Paul Schäffer: Carved altars from the late Middle Ages in the Uelzen district . Uelzen 1984 (= Uelzener Posts 9) (esp. Pp. 55-57).
- Gunther Schendel: The George Altar in Large Songs. A document of life and belief from the Middle Ages . In: Der Heidewanderer (local supplement to the Allgemeine Zeitung, Uelzen), 82nd year 2006, pp. 57–64.
- Helmut Schwesig: Wooden bell towers in Lower Saxony with special consideration of the construction . Diss. Hannover 1983 (esp. 402-407).
- Ernst Strasser: The bells of the church district Uelzen . In: Home calendar for the city and district of Uelzen . 1962, pp. 20-32 (esp. Pp. 22 and 27).
Web links
Coordinates: 52 ° 57 ′ 25.8 ″ N , 10 ° 36 ′ 19.1 ″ E
Individual evidence
- ↑ Michler