Ribbed banded snail

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Ribbed banded snail
Ribbed banded snail (Caucasotachea vindobonensis)

Ribbed banded snail ( Caucasotachea vindobonensis )

Systematics
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Helicoidea
Family : Schnirkelschnecken (Helicidae)
Genre : Caucasotachea
Type : Ribbed banded snail
Scientific name
Caucasotachea vindobonensis
( Pfeiffer , 1828)

The ribbed banded snail ( Caucasotachea vindobonensis , syn .: Cepaea vindobonensis ), also ribbed snail or Viennese snail is a species of snail from the family of snails (Helicidae) from the subordination of land lung snails (Stylommatophora) that lives on land . For new molecular genetic studies it is no longer in the genre of banded snails ( Cepaea ), but in the genre Caucasotachea to provide C. Boettger, 1909th

Original illustration by Pfeiffer (1828: Plate 4, Fig. 6-7)

features

The right-hand wound housing is spherical with a tapered thread. The width of the case is 20 to 25 mm, the height 17 to 21 mm. The 5½ to 6 turns formed in the adult stage grow quickly and regularly. The last quarter of the end turn initially drops only slightly, and towards the edge of the mouth it clearly falls off the turn axis of the previous turns. The mouth surface is at an angle of approximately 45 ° to the winding axis. The mouth rim is a little widened, especially in the lower part, and curved outwards. The mouth lip is strong and colored light to dark brown inside and outside, but fades towards the spindle edge and can be almost white there. The navel is completely covered by the widened edge of the mouth.

The shell is thick and strong. The surface of the whitish, yellowish to brownish-yellow housing is regularly finely ribbed radially. The mostly four to five bands, of different width, color, intensity of color and different distances to one another usually stand out clearly against the basic color of the case, the two upper bands are significantly paler and narrower than the other bands and often run close together . The fifth band runs on the underside of the case mostly close to the navel.

The soft body has a characteristic yellowish color, the head often has a slight reddish tone. The eye bearers (upper antennae) are ash gray, the lower antennae a little lighter. The sole of the foot is yellowish gray, lighter on the edges. The genital opening sits about 2 mm backwards and below the base of the right eye wearer. The brown, crescent-shaped pine is 0.8 mm high and 1.8 to 1.9 mm wide. It is set with 3 to 5 wide strips that protrude a little over the edge. The radula is 4.8 mm long and 1.6 mm wide. It has 146 transverse rows, one transverse row has 99 teeth, a symmetrical central tooth and 49 posterior teeth each.

In the hermaphroditic genitalia, the yellow-brown hybrid gland is grape-shaped. The hermaphrodite is very strongly laid in short s-shaped folds. It leads to the large, horn-shaped egg ladder (spermoviduct), in which the narrow tongue-shaped protein gland is embedded at the upper end. The free fallopian tube is much shorter than the vagina. The spermathec is small round with a long, thin stem. This is clearly thickened near the base. A thin diverticulum branches off about a third of the length of the stalk, which is about as long as the two halves of the spermathec with stalk. The seminal vesicle is very small measuring 2 to 4 mm in diameter. The short, thick, club-shaped, 5 to 6 mm long arrow sac arises from the front edge of the vagina. It contains a slightly curved to almost straight love arrow 3 to 3.5 mm long. It has a short neck, a long blade with four symmetrically arranged longitudinal ridges and a crown with 10 to 12 longitudinal ribs. The four symmetrically arranged longitudinal ridges on the blade widen outwards and gradually narrow towards the tip. The glandulae mucosae arise behind the base of the arrow sack, each with a stalk of 4 to 9 mm. The two trunks further split into two or three branches that further subdivide. The branches have 11 to 22 blind sacs at the top.

In the male genital tract, the vas deferens is very short and opens into the epiphallus. At the point where the vas deferens enter the epiphallus, a very long, thread-like flagellum attaches. It is as long or slightly longer than the epiphallus and penis combined. The transition from the epiphallus to the penis is marked by a spherical thickening. The penis is relatively short. The slender epiphallus is about as long as the penis or a little longer. The penile retractor muscle inserts on the last third of the epiphallus.

Genital apparatus (from Hesse 1920: Plate 643, Fig. 10)
Love arrow (from Hesse 1920: plate 643, Fig.12 [3])
Kiefer (from Hesse 1920: plate 643, Fig. 12 [3])

Similar species

In contrast to the garden banded snail ( Cepaea hortensis ) and the grove banded snail ( Cepaea nemoralis ), the shell is less bright in color, whitish to yellow. The housings of these species are not rib-striped and more flattened on the underside. In the wood snail ( Macularia sylvatica ) the growth stripes are somewhat coarser and somewhat more irregular. In the ribbed banded snail ( Caucasotachea vindobonensis ) the upper and lower edge of the mouth converge towards the umbilical area, while in the wood snail the upper and lower edge of the mouth are approximately parallel.

The love arrow of the ribbed banded snail ( Caucasotachea vindobonensis ) is, at 3 to 3.5 mm, significantly shorter than the love arrow of the wood snail, which affects the blade, neck and crown. The love arrow is almost the same thickness, in the upper blade area it is even a little thicker on the ribbed banded snail. One pair of the blade strips is wider on the outside than the other pair of the longitudinal strips.

Distribution of the species in Europe (according to Welter-Schultes)

Geographical distribution and habitat

The distribution area of ​​the ribbed banded snail extends over the eastern Alps , the entire area of ​​the Carpathian Mountains , the Balkan Peninsula to Thessaly and the European part of Turkey as well as the northern Black Sea area (Moldova, Ukraine, Crimean Peninsula) to the Caucasus. In the north the distribution area extends to Saxony , Poland, Belarus and isolated in Latvia. and western Russia. In the Alps it rises up to 1,500 m above sea level. In the 19th century, the species was released at the Donaustauf ruins below Regensburg by a pastor interested in malacology, along with several other species from Austria. It is now firmly established here.

Garden banded snail (left) and ribbed banded snail occur together in part of the range

The snail occurs in light bushes and undergrowth, on steppe and rocky slopes, in plains and warm hill countries.

Way of life

Comparatively little is known about the way of life of this species. According to a study by Alexandra Staikou, which was carried out near Edessa in Greece, the animals need seven years to reach their maximum size. With prolonged drought and heat, the animals fall into dry sleep.

Presumably they (also?) Eat fresh greens (nettles). According to Ewald Frömming, the animals are only three years old on average.

Taxonomy

The scientific name of the ribbed banded snail, Cepaea vindobonensis , is literally translated as “Viennese banded snail”. The taxon was set up in 1828 by Carl Jonas Pfeiffer as Helix vindobonensis . In older works, Férussac is often mentioned as the author. But he did not describe this species. It is de facto the type species of the subgenus Cepaea (Austrotachea) Pfeffer, 1930. The subgenus is based on minimal differences in the sexual apparatus; therefore it is not used by most authors either.

The taxon is widely recognized. However, the genre did not change until 2016. Ewald Frömming already noted that the ribbed banded snail is not closely related to the other two types of banded snail; these are more closely related to each other. According to new molecular biological investigations, the ribbed banded snail is more closely related to the species that were placed in the genus Causacotachea . Marco T. Neiber, Christina Sagorny and Bernhard Hausdorf therefore advocate reclassification of the species to the genus Caucasotachea C. Boettger, 1909. In the work by Kajtoch et al. (2017) and in the MolluscaBase this suggestion has already been implemented. The ribbed banded snail is no longer the easternmost representative of the genus Cepaea , but the westernmost representative of the genus Caucasotachea Boettger, 1909. The species sylvatica , which was previously part of the subgenus Cepaea (Austrotachea) , has also been separated from the genus Cepaea and placed in the genus Macularia .

Endangerment and nature conservation

According to the nature conservation ordinance of the State of Vienna , the ribbed banded snail ( Cepaea vindobonensis ) is under strict protection, so it may not be collected. In Germany, the ribbed cone snail is in the Red List of Germany as well as in the Red List of Bavaria with the classification threatened with extinction . In Saxony the species is either extinct or missing. In 1990, Klaus Bogon mentions an occurrence "in the warm upper Elbe valley north to Meißen". However, according to the IUCN, the species is not endangered across the entire range .

literature

  • Rosina Fechter & Gerhard Falkner: Mollusks. Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10), 287 pp. ISBN 3-570-03414-3 (p. 240)
  • Michael P. Kerney, Robert AD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe . 384 pp., Parey-Verlag, Hamburg and Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 (p. 281)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jürgen H. Jungbluth, Dietrich von Knorre: Trivial names of land and fresh water mollusks in Germany (Gastropoda et Bivalvia). Mollusca, 26 (1): 105-156, Dresden 2008 ISSN  1864-5127 , p. 122.
  2. ^ A b Carl Pfeiffer: Natural history of German land and freshwater mollusks. Third division. Pp. I-VI (= 1-6), pp. 1-84, plates I-VIII (= 1-8). Landes-Industrie-Comptoir, Weimar 1828. Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library (p. 15), plate 4, Fig. 6-7
  3. ^ A b c Paul Hesse: Iconography of the land and freshwater mollusks with excellent consideration of the European species not yet shown by EA Rossmässler, continued by Dr. W. Kobelt. New series, 23: 5 + 262 p., Pl. 631-660, Berlin & Wiesbaden, CW Kreidel's Verlag 1920 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org , p. 96-99, Pl. 643, Fig. 8-12
  4. ^ A b Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (p. 368)
  5. ↑ Arturs Stalažs, Jozef Šteffek, Edgars Dreijers: Cepaea vindobonensis (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) in Latvia. Acta Universitatis Latviensis, 745: 199-203, 2008 PDF
  6. ^ Roman Egorov: The first record of Cepaea vindobonensis (Pfeiffer, 1828) (Stylommatophora: Helicidae) in the central part of European Russia. Malacologica Bohemoslovaca, 13: 110-113, 2014 ISSN  1336-6939 PDF
  7. ↑ The living world of the molluscs by Robert Nordsieck
  8. ↑ Alexandra E. Staikou: Aspects of life cycle, population dynamics, growth and secondary production of the pulmonate snail Cepaea vindobonensis (Férussac, 1821) in northern Greece. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 64 (3): 297-308, 1998 doi : 10.1093 / mollus / 64.3.297
  9. ^ Ewald Frömming: Biology of the Central European Landgastropods. 404 p., Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1954 (p. 308/9)
  10. ↑ Fauna Europaea: Cepaea (Austrotachea) vindobonensis (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)
  11. ↑ AnimalBase: Cepaea vindobonensis (Pfeiffer, 1828)
  12. ↑ a b MolluscaBase: Caucasotachea vindobonensis (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)
  13. ↑ Marco T. Neiber, Bernhard Hausdorf: Molecular phylogeny reveals the polyphyly of the snail genus Cepaea (Gastropoda: Helicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 93: 143-149, 2015 doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2015.07.022
  14. ↑ Marco T. Neiber, Christina Sagorny, Bernhard Hausdorf: Increasing the number of molecular markers resolves the phylogenetic relationship of 'Cepaea' vindobonensis (Pfeiffer 1828) with Caucasotachea Boettger 1909 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Helicidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 54 (1): 40–45, 2016 doi : 10.1111 / jzs.12116
  15. ↑ Łukasz Kajtoch, Angus Davison, Adele Grindon, Tamás Deli, Gábor Sramkó, Mariusz Gwardjan, Sergei Kramarenko, Dominika Mierzwa-Szymkowiak, Rafał Ruta, Radosław Ścibior, János Pál Tóth, Chris Wade, Roman Eł Fehán V. Kolovasa : Reconstructed historical distribution and phylogeography unravels non-steppic origin of Caucasotachea vindobonensis (Gastropoda: Helicidae). Organims Diversity and Evolution, 17: 679-692, 2017 doi : 10.1007 / s13127-017-0337-3
  16. ↑ Issaad Kawther Ezzine, Najet Dimassi, Beat Pfarrer, Khaled Said, Eike Neubert: New records of the endemic Sicilian land snail species Marmorana (Murella) muralis (OF Müller, 1774) from the north of Tunisia (Pulmonata, Gastropoda). ZooKeys, 775: 131-147, 2018 doi : 10.3897 / zookeys.775.25740
  17. ↑ Nature Conservation Ordinance of the State of Vienna  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.ris2.bka.gv.at  
  18. ^ Vollrath Wiese: The land snails of Germany. 352 p., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 196)
  19. ↑ Jürgen Jungbluth, Dietrich von Knorre: Red list of internal mollusks [snails (Gastropoda) and mussels (Bivalvia)] in Germany. 6. Revised and extended version 2008. Communications of the German Malacoological Society, 81: 1–28, Frankfurt a. M., May 2009 PDF (p. 8)
  20. ↑ Red List of Endangered Animals and Vascular Plants Bavaria's short version 185 pp., Munich 2005 (p. 342) PDF ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bestellen.bayern.de
  21. ↑ Katrin Schniebs, Heike Reise, Ulrich Bößneck: Red List of Mollusks of Saxony. State Office for Environment and Geology, Free State of Saxony, 2006. PDF
  22. ↑ Klaus Bogon: Landschnecken biology, ecology, biotope protection. 404 p., Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990 ISBN 3-89440-002-1 (p. 374/5)
  23. ↑ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Cepaea vindobonensis