Germanium (II) chloride

Structural formula
No drawing available
General
Surname	Germanium (II) chloride
other names	Germanium dichloride
Molecular formula	GeCl 2
Brief description	yellowish solid
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 10060-11-4 28595-67-7 (dioxane complex) PubChem 6327122 Wikidata Q2331626
properties
Molar mass	143.5 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling no classification available
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Germanium (II) chloride is an inorganic chemical compound of germanium from the group of chlorides .

Extraction and presentation

Germanium (II) chloride can be obtained by reacting germanium (IV) chloride with germanium at 430 ° C.

${\displaystyle \mathrm {GeCl_{4}+Ge\longrightarrow 2\ GeCl_{2}} }$

It can also be obtained from trichlorogerman (also called germanium chloroform ) by shifting the equilibrium between trichlorogerman and germanium (II) chloride and hydrogen chloride at −30 ° C, and by pumping out the hydrogen chloride the equilibrium is shifted towards germanium (II) chloride.

${\displaystyle \mathrm {GeHCl_{3}\longrightarrow GeCl_{2}+HCl} }$

properties

Germanium (II) chloride is a yellowish colored hydrolysis-sensitive and very reactive solid that reacts with water and is soluble in benzene and ether.

${\displaystyle \mathrm {GeCl_{2}+2\ H_{2}O\longrightarrow Ge(OH)_{2}+2\ HCl} }$

Trichlorogerman forms with hydrochloric acid. This hydrochloric acid solution of the compound has a strongly reducing effect. With chlorides such as rubidium chloride or cesium chloride it forms chloro complexes of the GeCl ₃ ^- type , with bromine and chlorine the tetrahalides germanium (IV) chloride and germanium dibromodichloride . The compound is polymeric and cannot be evaporated. Already a little above room temperature it begins to disintegrate into lower-chlorine germanium chlorides, turning yellow to red and releasing germanium (IV) chloride. When the temperature rises, these are finally converted into germanium.

In monomeric form, germanium (II) chloride can be stabilized with complexing agents such as 1,4-dioxane . When trichlorogerman is treated with dioxane, the colorless, solid complex GeCl ₂ · C ₄ H ₈ O _{2 can be} isolated, which can serve directly as a source for the reactions of germanium (II) chloride with organic and other compounds.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u. a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 722.
2. ↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
3. ↑ LM Dennis: Germanium. Summary of studies in the Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, 1921-1927 . In: Journal of Inorganic and General Chemistry . tape 174 , no. 1 , August 2, 1928, p. 97 , doi : 10.1002 / zaac.19281740114 .
4. ^ AF Holleman , E. Wiberg , N. Wiberg : Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry . 101st edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-11-012641-9 , p. 403.
5. ^ A. .. Meller, J. Pfeiffer, M. Noltemeyer: Aza- and Thia-2-germa (II) -indane and corresponding 2,2? -Spirobi (2-germaindane). In: Journal of Inorganic and General Chemistry. 572, 1989, pp. 145-150, doi: 10.1002 / zaac.19895720118 .