History of the Jews in Lviv

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Golden Rose Synagogue

The history of the Jews in Lviv describes the development of Jewish life in one of the most important Jewish communities in East Central Europe.

Kingdom of Poland

In 1349 Lemberg became part of the Kingdom of Poland . During this time, many Jews from Central Europe had fled to Poland after pogroms during the great plague epidemic in 1348. In 1352 a Jewish community was first mentioned in Krakow , a settlement at the gates of Lviv. In 1387 a Jewish street in Lemberg was mentioned. In 1457 Karaites are mentioned in the suburban community, a Jewish group who came to East Central Europe from the Black Sea after the 10th century.

Jewish culture in Poland flourished in the 16th century. There was a yeshiva in Lviv , which was headed by Yehoshua Falk around 1600 , and where influential scholars such as Yehoshua Höschel learned.

In the centuries that followed, conditions for Jews in Lviv became more difficult.

Austria

In 1772, after the First Partition of Poland , Lemberg became part of the Habsburg Monarchy and became the capital of the newly created crown land of Galicia . Jews had extensive rights.

In 1869 there were 14 synagogues and 80 prayer houses in Lemberg.

Lemberg was a center of the Jewish labor movement and the Zionist movement. In 1909 Hasmonea Lemberg was founded as the first Jewish sports club in Galicia.

Second Polish Republic

Jews in Lwów, around 1941
Jews in Lwów, 1931/35

In 1918 Lviv came to Poland. That year pogroms against Jews broke out in the city.

In social life, Jewish residents held an almost equal position. With the onset of the Great Depression in the late 1920s, conditions deteriorated.

In September 1939 Lviv was occupied by the Soviet Union , followed by the occupation of the German Reich in the summer of 1941 .

German occupation

In 1941 the Lviv ghetto was established. Most of the Jewish residents were killed by 1943.

Ukraine

Since 1944 there was almost no Jewish population in Lviv. In the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union , Lviv joined Ukraine in 1991 . Today there is a small community with a synagogue.

Synagogues

Jewish cemeteries

literature