Common fishing web spider

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Common fishing web spider
Common fishing web spider (Segestria senoculata), female

Common fishing web spider ( Segestria senoculata ), female

Systematics
Subordination : Real spiders (Araneomorphae)
Partial order : Haplogynae
Superfamily : Dysderoidea
Family : Fishing web spiders (Segestriidae)
Genre : Real fishing web spiders ( Segestria )
Type : Common fishing web spider
Scientific name
Segestria senoculata
( Linnaeus , 1758)

The common or common fishing web spider ( Segestria senoculata ), sometimes referred to as the fishing web spider by the family , is a spider belonging to the family of fishing web spiders (Segestriidae). It is widespread in the Palearctic .

features

Detail of a female

The female of the common fishing web spider reaches a body length of seven to ten and the male one of 6.5 to 7.5 millimeters. As with all fishing web spiders, the body is cylindrically narrow. Similarly, like all species in the family, but unlike most other spiders, the common fishing web spider only has six eyes. These are arranged in two triangles, the tips of which point towards each other.

female

The female has a blackish prosoma (front body) that is lighter in the back. It is 3 to 3.5 millimeters long. The sternum (breast plate) and the coxes (hip joints) appear brown, with the sternum also getting darker further forward. The legs are light brown and have dark curling. In addition, the tibia and the metatarsi and tarsi of the first pair of legs are usually dark in color. In addition, the metatarsi of the first pair of legs in females each have three pairs of ventrolateral spines and the ventral side has a median spine on the basal half. The opisthosoma of the female animal appears in a gray-brown. It is spotted in black and has a ribbon on the back that is lobed in the middle and colored black.

male

male

The male has a shiny and dark brown colored prosoma, his sternum is light brown. The legs are similar to those of the female, but the median spine on the metatarsi of the first pair of legs is missing. The bulbi (male genital organs) have a long, drawn-out tip, the emboli (components of the bulbi which are used for semen transfer) are long and thin and have a curved end. The male opisthosoma is gray-yellow to light brown in color. In the same place as the female it has a similarly shaped band, but here it consists of brown hair.

Similar species

Female of the closely related Bavarian fishing web spider ( Segestria bavarica )

A species that is very similar to the common fishing net spider is the closely related Bavarian fishing net spider ( Segestria bavarica ), but it is usually larger. A distinguishing feature is the spines on the metatarsi of the first pair of legs, which is also present in the Bavarian fishing net spine, but consists of only two spines per leg. In addition, the common fishing web spider has a predominantly hairless prosoma. Likewise, the drawing on the Opisthosoma of the Bavarian fishing net spider is different from that of the common fishing net spider divided in the middle by a light strip.

Occurrence

In the wild, the common fishing web spider can be found regularly on and under the bark of pine trees .

The common fishing web spider is common in Europe , Turkey , the Caucasus , Iran, and Japan . The species lives in various forests and is particularly found there on and under the bark of pine trees . They are also found in cracks in the rock and synanthropic (adapted to the human settlement area) in wall holes and the framework of houses. The species has been detected up to an altitude of 2020 meters.

Threat and protection

The common fishing web spider is the most common type of fishing web spider. In the Red List of Threatened Species of Animals, Plants and Fungi in Germany , the species is classified as "not endangered " and is therefore not subject to any protection status. The global population of the species has not been assessed by the IUCN .

Way of life

Like all fishing web spiders , the common fishing web spider is also predominantly nocturnal and creates a characteristic spider web for the purpose of catching prey.

Catching prey

Common fishing web spider's net

The safety net consists of a webbing tube laid on the base of bark or stones, which ends in a funnel within suitable depressions, such as tree holes or stone cracks. This tube-like structure serves as the spider's abode. Several signal threads go outwards from the funnel edge in a star shape. At night the spider lurks at the entrance of the living funnel, with the three front pairs of legs sticking outwards. The principle of catching prey is similar to that of funnel nets such as those created by funnel spiders (Agelenidae). At the other end, the funnel tube is open, with which the spider can leave its web if necessary.

Phenology and reproduction

Adults of the common fishing web spider can be found all year round, but most often in late summer and autumn. A male willing to mate leaves his safety net in search of a female, which, if not tempted to do so, does not leave his net after it is put on. After mating, the female makes a biconvex shaped egg cocoon with a width of eight and a height of thirteen millimeters, which can contain 60 to 180 eggs. The young animals probably need two years to grow up and like the adult they put on safety nets.

Systematics

The common fishing web spider was first described by Carl von Linné in 1758 as Aranea senoculata and, like most spiders that were grouped together in the genus Aranea in the 18th century, was renamed several times. The current name Segestria senoculata was first introduced in 1805 by Charles Athanase Walckenaer and has been used almost consistently for the species since then. Contrary to what its common name and its frequency and popularity would suggest, the common fishing web spider is not the type of the genus. This is the much rarer and larger Mighty Fishing Web Spider ( Segestria florentina ). The common fishing web spider has been described several times and therefore has some synonyms . These are:

  • Aranea scopulorum Fabricius , 1779
  • Segestria corvulus Jarocki , 1825
  • Segestria krausi brown , 1963

There are two subspecies of the common fishing web spider:

  • Segestria senoculata senoculata, the nominate form
  • Segestria senoculata castrodunensis, the subspecies found in Switzerland

gallery

  • Dorsal view of a female

  • Frontal view of a female missing two legs

  • Lateral view of the same animal

  • Prosoma of a female

  • Closer view of a common fishing net spider's net

  • Excerpt from The Arachnids. First volume. by CW Hahn (1831)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus, 1758) from araneae Spiders of Europe, by Wolfgang Nentwig, Theo Blick, Robert Bosmans, Daniel Gloor, Ambros Hänggi & Christian Kropf , accessed on March 12, 2020.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Heiko Bellmann: The cosmos spider leader. Over 400 species in Europe. 2nd Edition. Kosmos Naturführer, Kosmos (Franckh-Kosmos), 2016, p. 50, ISBN 978-3-440-14895-2 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus, 1758) at www.natur-in-nrw.de , accessed on March 12, 2020.
  4. ↑ Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus, 1758) at the Red List Center , accessed on March 12, 2020.
  5. ↑ Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus, 1758) at Global Biodiversity Information Facility , accessed on March 12, 2020.
  6. ↑ a b c Segestria (Latreille, 1804) at the British Arachnological Society , accessed March 12, 2020.
  7. ↑ a b Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus, 1758) in the WSC World Spider Catalog , accessed March 12, 2020.

literature

  • Heiko Bellmann: The cosmos spider guide. Over 400 species in Europe. 2nd Edition. Kosmos Naturführer, Kosmos (Franckh-Kosmos), 2016, ISBN 978-3-440-14895-2 .

Web links

Commons : Common fishing web spider  - collection of images, videos and audio files