Fishing web spiders
Fishing web spiders | ||||||||||||
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Mighty fishing web spider ( Segestria florentina ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Segestriidae | ||||||||||||
Simon , 1893 |
The fishing web spiders (Segestriidae; to gr. Σέγεστρον ségestron 'corner') are a family of real spiders from the superfamily of the Dysderoidea . The family currently comprises 131 species in four genera . (As of March 2020)
description
These six-eyed, 6 to 22 mm small spiders have a characteristic leg position: The first three pairs of legs are put forward together, the fourth pair of legs backwards. They can also be distinguished by the color of their thick hair. The animals inhabit open ghost tubes on both sides.
distribution
The species of the family of fishing web spiders are found worldwide.
Species in Central Europe
In Central Europe only three representatives of the genus Segestria (real fishing web spiders ) are native to the family of fishing web spiders :
- Bavarian fishing web spider ( Segestria bavarica ) CL Koch , 1843
- Mighty fishing web spider ( Segestria florentina ) ( Rossi , 1790)
- Common fishing web spider ( Segestria senoculata ) ( Linnaeus , 1758)
Differentiation of the Central European species
The Bavarian fishing web spider ( Segestria bavarica ) is very rare and the brightest species of the three. It is only 7 mm (males) to 14 mm (females) in size. So far it has mainly been found in rocky areas.
The black, 15 to 22 mm large mighty fishing web spider ( Segestria florentina ) is only known from Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany . It comes from the western Mediterranean and reaches the Netherlands in the north . Her opisthosoma sometimes has gray hair, her sternum is red-brown to black. Segestria florentina lives under stones, in crevices and on walls.
The common fishing web spider ( Segestria senoculata ) is a common species that is often found on the bark. It inhabits forests , forest edges and hedges . It is also commonly found in crevices and holey walls. The prosoma is glossy dark brown, and it has a circumferential, wide and cupped gray-yellow to light brown band on the side of the edges of the opisthosoma.
Systematics
The World Spider Catalog currently lists 4 genera and 132 species and subspecies for the fishing web spiders.The genus Ariadna with 107 species was established by Jörg Wunderlich in 2004 as a separate subfamily of fishing web spiders , but Wunderlich's proposal to raise this subfamily to a family in 2020 was still made not generally recognized (as of March 2020).
Genera
The four genera are:
- Ariadna Audouin , 1826 with 107 species
- Citharoceps Chamberlin , 1924 with 2 species
- Gippsicola Hogg , 1900 with 4 species
- Segestria Latreille , 1804 with 19 species and subspecies (in addition to the nominate form, the subspecies Segestria senoculata castrodunensis is also included).
species
-
Ariadna Audouin , 1826
- Ariadna abrilae Grismado , 2008
- Ariadna algarvensis Wunderlich , 2011
- Ariadna araucana Grismado , 2008
- Ariadna arthuri Petrunkevitch , 1926
- Ariadna aurea Giroti & Brescovit , 2018
- Ariadna barbigera Simon , 1905
- Ariadna bellatoria Dalmas , 1917
- Ariadna bicolor (Hentz , 1842)
- Ariadna bilineata Purcell , 1904
- Ariadna boesenbergi Keyserling , 1877
- Ariadna boliviana Simon , 1907
- Ariadna brevispina Caporiacco , 1947
- Ariadna brignolii Wunderlich , 2011
- Ariadna burchelli (Hogg , 1900)
- Ariadna caerulea Keyserling , 1877
- Ariadna calilegua Grismado , 2008
- Ariadna canariensis Wunderlich , 1995
- Ariadna caparao Giroti & Brescovit , 2018
- Ariadna capensis Purcell , 1904
- Ariadna cephalotes Simon , 1907
- Ariadna changellkuk Grismado , 2008
- Ariadna chhotae Siliwal & Yadav , 2017
- Ariadna clavata Marsh, Baehr, Glatz & Framenau , 2018
- Ariadna comata O. Pickard-Cambridge , 1898
- Ariadna corticola Lawrence , 1952
- Ariadna crassipalpa (Blackwall , 1863)
- Ariadna cyprusensis Wunderlich , 2011
- Ariadna daweiensis Yin, Xu & Bao , 2002
- Ariadna decatetracantha Main , 1954
- Ariadna dentigera Purcell , 1904
- Ariadna dissimilis Berland , 1924
- Ariadna dysderina L. Koch , 1873
- Ariadna elaphra Wang , 1993
- Ariadna europaensis Wunderlich , 2011
- Ariadna exuviaque Wunderlich , 2011
- Ariadna gallica Wunderlich , 2012
- Ariadna gaucha Giroti & Brescovit , 2018
- Ariadna gryllotalpa (Purcell , 1904)
- Ariadna hottentotta Purcell , 1908
- Ariadna inops Wunderlich , 2011
- Ariadna insidiatrix Audouin , 1826
- Ariadna insularis Purcell , 1908
- Ariadna insulicola Yaginuma , 1967
- Ariadna ionica O. Pickard-Cambridge , 1873
- Ariadna ipojuca Giroti & Brescovit , 2018
- Ariadna isthmica Beatty , 1970
- Ariadna javana Kulczyński , 1911
- Ariadna jubata Purcell , 1904
- Ariadna karrooica Purcell , 1904
- Ariadna kibonotensis Tullgren , 1910
- Ariadna kisanganensis Benoit , 1974
- Ariadna kiwirrkurra Baehr & Whyte , 2016
- Ariadna Kolbei Purcell , 1904
- Ariadna laeta Thorell , 1899
- Ariadna lalen Giroti & Brescovit , 2018
- Ariadna lateralis Karsch , 1881
- Ariadna lebronneci Berland , 1933
- Ariadna lemosi Giroti & Brescovit , 2018
- Ariadna levii Grismado , 2008
- Ariadna levyi Wunderlich , 2011
- Ariadna lightfooti Purcell , 1904
- Ariadna maderiana Warburton , 1892
- Ariadna major Hickman , 1929
- Ariadna maroccana Wunderlich , 2011
- Ariadna masculina Lawrence , 1928
- Ariadna maxima (Nicolet , 1849)
- Ariadna mbalensis Lessert , 1933
- Ariadna meruensis Tullgren , 1910
- Ariadna mollis (Holmberg , 1876)
- Ariadna molur Siliwal & Yadav , 2017
- Ariadna montana Rainbow , 1920
- Ariadna monticola Thorell , 1897
- Ariadna multispinosa Bryant , 1948
- Ariadna muscosa Hickman , 1929
- Ariadna natalis Pocock , 1900
- Ariadna nebulosa Simon , 1906
- Ariadna neocaledonica Berland , 1924
- Ariadna obscura (Blackwall , 1858)
- Ariadna octospinata (Lamb , 1911)
- Ariadna oreades Simon , 1906
- Ariadna papuana Kulczyński , 1911
- Ariadna pectinella beach , 1913
- Ariadna pelia Wang , 1993
- Ariadna perkinsi Simon , 1900
- Ariadna pilifera O. Pickard-Cambridge , 1898
- Ariadna pulchripes Purcell , 1908
- Ariadna rapinatrix Thorell , 1899
- Ariadna reginae Giroti & Brescovit , 2018
- Ariadna ruwenzorica beach , 1913
- Ariadna Zanzibarica Beach , 1907
- Ariadna scabripes Purcell , 1904
- Ariadna segestrioides Purcell , 1904
- Ariadna segmentata Simon , 1893
- Ariadna septemcincta (Urquhart , 1891)
- Ariadna similis Purcell , 1908
- Ariadna snellemanni (van Hasselt , 1882)
- Ariadna tangara Marsh, Baehr, Glatz & Framenau , 2018
- Ariadna taprobanica Simon , 1906
- Ariadna tarsalis Banks , 1902
- Ariadna thyrianthina Simon , 1908
- Ariadna tovarensis Simon , 1893
- Ariadna ubajara Giroti & Brescovit , 2018
- Ariadna umtalica Purcell , 1904
- Ariadna uncinata Tang, Li & Yang , 2019
- Ariadna ustulata Simon , 1898
- Ariadna vansda Siliwal, Yadav & Kumar , 2017
- Ariadna weaveri Beatty , 1970
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Citharoceps Chamberlin , 1924
- Citharoceps cruzana (Chamberlin & Ivie , 1935)
- Citharoceps fidicina Chamberlin , 1924
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Gippsicola Hogg , 1900
- Gippsicola lineata Giroti & Brescovit , 2017
- Gippsicola minuta Giroti & Brescovit , 2017
- Gippsicola raleighi Hogg , 1900
- Gippsicola robusta Giroti & Brescovit , 2017
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Segestria Latreille , 1804
- Segestria bavarica C. L. Koch , 1843
- Segestria bella Chamberlin & Ivie , 1935
- Segestria cavernicola Kulczyński , 1915
- Segestria croatica Doleschall , 1852
- Segestria danzantica Chamberlin , 1924
- Segestria davidi Simon , 1884
- Segestria florentina (Rossi , 1790)
- Segestria fusca Simon , 1882
- Segestria inda Simon , 1906
- Segestria madagascarensis Keyserling , 1877
- Segestria mirshamsii Marusik & Omelko , 2014
- Segestria nipponica Kishida , 1913
- Segestria pacifica Banks , 1891
- Segestria pusiola Simon , 1882
- Segestria saeva Walckenaer , 1837
- Segestria sbordonii Brignoli , 1984
- Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus , 1758)
- Segestria turkestanica Dunin , 1986
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.0 - Segestriidae . Retrieved June 3, 2016.
- ↑ Jörg Wunderlich: Fossil spiders (Araneae) of the superfamily Dysderoidea in Baltic and Dominican amber, with revised family diagnoses. Contributions to Araneologie 3, 2004, pp. 633–746.
- ↑ Jörg Wunderlich: New and already described fossil spiders (Araneae) of 20 families in mid and late Cretaceous Burmese Ambers, with notes on spider phylogeny, evolution and classification. Contributions to Araneologie 13, 2020, pp. 22–164
literature
- Ambros Hänggi, Edi Stöckli, Wolfgang Nentwig: Habitat of Central European Spiders. Miscellanea faunistica Helvetiae. Center suisse de cartographie de la faune, CH-2000 Neuchâtel 1995. ISBN 2-88414-008-5
- Stefan Heimer, Wolfgang Nentwig: Spinning Central Europe. Paul Parey Verlag Berlin, 1991. ISBN 3-489-53534-0
Web links
- Segestriidae in the World Spider Catalog