Fishing web spiders

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Fishing web spiders
Mighty fishing web spider (Segestria florentina)

Mighty fishing web spider ( Segestria florentina )

Systematics
Class : Arachnids (arachnida)
Order : Spiders (Araneae)
Subordination : Real spiders (Araneomorphae)
Partial order : Haplogynae
Superfamily : Dysderoidea
Family : Fishing web spiders
Scientific name
Segestriidae
Simon , 1893

The fishing web spiders (Segestriidae; to gr. Σέγεστρον ségestron 'corner') are a family of real spiders from the superfamily of the Dysderoidea . The family currently comprises 131 species in four genera . (As of March 2020)

description

These six-eyed, 6 to 22 mm small spiders have a characteristic leg position: The first three pairs of legs are put forward together, the fourth pair of legs backwards. They can also be distinguished by the color of their thick hair. The animals inhabit open ghost tubes on both sides.

distribution

Distribution map of fishing web spiders

The species of the family of fishing web spiders are found worldwide.

Species in Central Europe

In Central Europe only three representatives of the genus Segestria (real fishing web spiders ) are native to the family of fishing web spiders :

Differentiation of the Central European species

The Bavarian fishing web spider ( Segestria bavarica ) is very rare and the brightest species of the three. It is only 7 mm (males) to 14 mm (females) in size. So far it has mainly been found in rocky areas.

The black, 15 to 22 mm large mighty fishing web spider ( Segestria florentina ) is only known from Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany . It comes from the western Mediterranean and reaches the Netherlands in the north . Her opisthosoma sometimes has gray hair, her sternum is red-brown to black. Segestria florentina lives under stones, in crevices and on walls.

The common fishing web spider ( Segestria senoculata ) is a common species that is often found on the bark. It inhabits forests , forest edges and hedges . It is also commonly found in crevices and holey walls. The prosoma is glossy dark brown, and it has a circumferential, wide and cupped gray-yellow to light brown band on the side of the edges of the opisthosoma.

Systematics

The World Spider Catalog currently lists 4 genera and 132 species and subspecies for the fishing web spiders.The genus Ariadna with 107 species was established by Jörg Wunderlich in 2004 as a separate subfamily of fishing web spiders , but Wunderlich's proposal to raise this subfamily to a family in 2020 was still made not generally recognized (as of March 2020).

Genera

The four genera are:

  • Ariadna Audouin , 1826 with 107 species
  • Citharoceps Chamberlin , 1924 with 2 species
  • Gippsicola Hogg , 1900 with 4 species
  • Segestria Latreille , 1804 with 19 species and subspecies (in addition to the nominate form, the subspecies Segestria senoculata castrodunensis is also included).

species

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.0 - Segestriidae . Retrieved June 3, 2016.
  2. ↑ Jörg Wunderlich: Fossil spiders (Araneae) of the superfamily Dysderoidea in Baltic and Dominican amber, with revised family diagnoses. Contributions to Araneologie 3, 2004, pp. 633–746.
  3. ↑ Jörg Wunderlich: New and already described fossil spiders (Araneae) of 20 families in mid and late Cretaceous Burmese Ambers, with notes on spider phylogeny, evolution and classification. Contributions to Araneologie 13, 2020, pp. 22–164

literature

  • Ambros Hänggi, Edi Stöckli, Wolfgang Nentwig: Habitat of Central European Spiders. Miscellanea faunistica Helvetiae. Center suisse de cartographie de la faune, CH-2000 Neuchâtel 1995. ISBN 2-88414-008-5
  • Stefan Heimer, Wolfgang Nentwig: Spinning Central Europe. Paul Parey Verlag Berlin, 1991. ISBN 3-489-53534-0

Web links

Commons : Fishing Web Spiders (Segestriidae)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files