Bavarian fishing web spider
| Bavarian fishing web spider | ||||||||||||
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Bavarian fishing web spider ( Segestria bavarica ), female |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Segestria bavarica | ||||||||||||
| CL Koch , 1843 |
The Bavarian fishing web spider ( Segestria bavarica ) is a type of web spider within the family of the fishing web spider (Segestriidae).
description
Segestria bavarica reaches a body length of 7 to 10 mm (males) and 10 to 14 mm (females). The prosoma (front body), including the sternum (belly plate of the prosoma), is dark brown, the opisthosoma (abdomen) yellowish-gray. From the second pair onwards, the legs are brownish and gray-striped, the sternum is darker than the coxae (hip segments). The opisthosoma is characterized by darker spots, the spots of which are interrupted dorsally and are therefore paired; the spots widen towards the rear. Small, dark speckles appear to the side. External female sexual characteristics ( epigyne ) are not pronounced.
Gender dimorphism:
- Males: Embolus of the pedipalps shorter than in Segestria senoculata and indistinctly fork-shaped. The prosoma is 3.5 to 4 mm long. The metatarsus I shows a pair of lateral spines.
- Females: The prosoma is 3 to 5 mm long. Metatarsus I short spine at the tip ( ventral ), a pair of spines ventrolaterally and close by a single, middle spine.
Adult specimens can be found all year round. Adult males appear in spring and summer, mature females can live for several years. In captivity, it takes about a year to develop from egg to adult.
Segestria senoculata is similar, but remains slightly smaller at 6 to 10 mm and has an abdominal mark with interconnected spots. Juvenile specimens of Segestria florentina look similar to the adults of Segestria bavarica .
distribution and habitat
The distribution area extends from Portugal eastwards to Azerbaijan and extends north to Great Britain and Sweden. In Central Europe, the distribution area includes areas with favorable climatic conditions, such as the southern German Rhine Valley , the area around Stuttgart and parts of the Nördlinger Ries . The populated habitats are mainly represented by cracks in the rock, old masonry, pine forests, dry mixed forests and semi-arid grasslands. The animals hide under bark, stones and the like. The species can also occasionally be found in buildings.
Way of life
Segestria bavarica leads a hidden, nocturnal way of life. She creates funnel-like nets in crevices, which she leaves at night, but remains connected to the living tube by a spider thread. The opening of the living tube is marked by an approximately 2 cm large funnel. Prey animals are grabbed with a jump and fixed with the chelicerae until the poison secretion takes effect and the prey is immobilized. Food is consumed in the living tube.
toxicology
Segestria bavarica chelicerae can penetrate human skin. The poison secretion contains, among other things, neurotoxic components. After a bite, people may experience erythema , edema , lymphangitis , lymphadenitis, and neuropathic pain . Sometimes no systemic effects were documented.
Danger
Segestria bavarica is on the Red List of Endangered Species in the Czech Republic (vulnerable - endangered), Germany (rare; data unclear) and Slovakia (presumably rare). In Germany, Segestria bavarica is endangered in Bavaria and Lower Saxony, moderately common in North Rhine-Westphalia (short-term population decline; warning list), probably endangered in Saxony-Anhalt and rarely, but not endangered, in Berlin (stable populations).
literature
- Bellmann, Heiko (1997): The arachnids of Europe . Stuttgart: Franckh-Kosmos Verlag
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g araneae - Spiders of Europe: Segestria bavarica (accessed on February 2, 2020)
- ↑ a b c d e Wiki of the Arachnological Society: Segestria bavarica (accessed on February 2, 2020)
- ↑ Spider and Harvestman Recording Scheme: Segestria bavarica (accessed February 2, 2020)
- ↑ Bianchi et al. (2018): Arachnidism by Segestria bavarica with severe neuropathic pain successfully treated with lidocaine 5% plaster in International Journal of Dermatology , No. 57, 2018.
