Ghaffar Djalal

Ghafar Djalal ol-Saltaneh ( Persian غفار جلال علاء; * 1882 ; † 1948 in Europe ) was an Iranian diplomat .

Career

Djalal was envoy in Stockholm from 1921 to 1922 . In 1923 he was envoy to fascist Rome .

Destruction of the Mecca cemetery

From 1924 to 1929 Djalal was ambassador to Cairo . During the Ichwan uprising in 1925, the regime of Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud destroyed the cemetery of Mecca Baqīʿ al-Gharqad . Djalal discussed this with Mirza 'All Akbar Khan Bahman, his successor as envoy in Cairo, and Habibullah Khan Hoveida , the Persian consul general in Palestine, with the Saudi regime in Jeddah . From 1930 to June 12, 1933, he headed the Anglophone States Department in the State Department. On June 12, 1933, he was accredited as envoy to Washington, DC .

The Iranian envoy is arrested

On November 27, 1935, after a dispute with the traffic police, in defiance of his diplomatic immunity, Djalal was handcuffed and imprisoned. He was on his way back from New York City to Washington, DC when his motor vehicle was stopped by police because his chauffeur was driving too fast in the urbanization of Elkton, Maryland, Cecil County . The details exchanged between the police officers and the diplomat are reported by various sources.

background

As a result of this arrest and the deteriorating relations between Iran and the United States, Reza Shah Pahlavi ended his diplomatic relations with the Franklin D. Roosevelt cabinet in March 1936 . It was not until 1939 that Iran tried to establish better connections with the USA again.

Individual evidence

1. ^ History of the Cemetery Of Jannat Al-Baqi. December 23, 2013, accessed May 8, 2019 . 
2. ↑ dispatch of a Persian mission to conduct negotiations with the Wahabit King. The Persian plenipotentiary, who arrived at Jidda on June, 6, is no stranger to this country, as he is the same Ain al-Mulk, formerly Persian Consol-General at Damascus, who came to the Hijas in the autum of 1925 during the Wahhabi invasion of the country, together with Ghaffar Khan Jalal al Saltana, then and still Persian Minister in Egypt, to discuss with Ibn Saoud certain questions in connexion with the alleged destruction of certain historic buildings. Great Britain and the East, 1929, Great Britain and the East - Google Books
3. ↑ Monuments of al-Baqi '- WikiShia
4. ^ Chief of Protocol , Chronological Listing by Country, Formerly PERSIA ; State Department press release dated June 17, 1933 Press Releases, United States. Dept. of State, 1933, DEP061TED BY THt TFD STATSS OF AMERICA JUN 29 '33 SATURDAY, JUNE 17, 1933 441 THE MINISTER OF PERSIA PRESENTS HIS LETTERS OF CREDENCE [Released June 12] Remarks of Ghaffar Khan Djalal upon the presentation of his letters of credence , June 12, 1933, p. 441
5. ↑ Michigan Living - Motor News, Automobile Club of Michigan, 1960, Michigan Living - Motor News, Volumes 43-44 , on books.google.de
6. ↑ Who drew first blood? In: The Iranian. October 25, 2010, Retrieved May 8, 2019 (American English). 
7. ^ The First Hostage Crisis. In: FOREIGN POLICY & DEFENSE. The Wilson Quarterly I, 1980, accessed May 8, 2019 . 
8. ↑ admin: Elkton Police Arrest of Ambassador From Iran Causes International Incident in 1935. In: Window on Cecil County's Past. September 24, 2014. Retrieved May 8, 2019 (American English). 
9. ^ Everett M. Dirksen: The conbressional front. The Dirksen Congressional Center, Illinois, April 4, 1936, accessed May 8, 2019 . 
10. ↑ Kamran Scot Aghaie, Afshin Marashi, Iranian Nationalism and Modernity , 2014
11. ↑ The Twentieth Century: 1939: Iran (Persia). In: The Twentieth Century. Retrieved May 8, 2019 . 

predecessor	Office	successor
Assad Khan Assad Bahador	Iranian envoy in Stockholm from 1921 to 1922	Hassan Arfa
Hamid Sayyah	Iranian envoy to Italy in 1923	Mostapha Khan Samii
Fethullah Khan Amirarafi (Fethullah Pakravan)	Iranian envoy in Cairo 1924 to 1929	Mirza 'All Akbar Khan Bahman
Yadollah Azodi	Iranian envoy in Washington, DC June 12, 1933 to November 27, 1935	Hossein Ghods-Nachai