Ghazaouet
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الغزوات Ghazaouet |
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| Coordinates | 35 ° 6 ′ N , 1 ° 52 ′ W | ||
| Basic data | |||
| Country | Algeria | ||
| Tlemcen | |||
| District | Ghazaouet | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | DZ-13 | ||
Ghazaouet (formerly Nemours ; Arabic الغزوات, DMG al-Ġazawāt ) is a north-western Algerian port city in the district of the same name in the province of Tlemcen .
geography
Ghazaouet is located on the western Algerian coast between Cape Tarsa and the Moroccan border. During the French colonial period it was called Nemours .
The city lies at the foot of the Monts des Traras mountain range . The Oued el Mersa and other small watercourses that reach the Mediterranean here flow to it . There are three noteworthy elevations near the city. These are the mountains Djebel Fillaousen (1136 m), Djebel Tadjra (861 m) and Djebel Zendal (613 m).
On the nearby mountain slopes, oaks and eucalyptus dominate the trees. The climate is dry and relatively constant over the course of the year. In the calendar year Ghazaouet has an average of 72 rainy days with 485 mm of precipitation. The annual temperature fluctuates between 12 and 24.5 ° C.
history
The city of Ghazaouet has an early Roman history. At that time she was called Ad Fratres . This name is derived from two prominent and about 25 meters high rocks ( Les Deux Frères / Two Brothers ), which are about 300 meters off the coast. Already in this epoch they served as a navigation aid for seafaring. In Roman times there was a port facility here and a military post (4th century) on the eastern rocky plateau of the headland.
The French Nemours was founded in 1844. At that time, appropriate military installations were built to provide supplies during the war with Morocco . The military settlement was given its French name by royal order in 1847 after Louis Charles Philippe Raphael d'Orléans, duc de Nemours , who commanded French troops in Algeria during the 1830s and waged a war of conquest against Abd el-Kader .
In 1869, based on the Decree of January 27, the colonial authorities formed the Nemours Administrative District. On May 2, 1869, the first local elections took place. Since then, the architecture of the settlement has gradually given it a European face.
Beginning in 1931, preparations were made for the construction of the railway line from Oujda in Morocco via the border station Zoudj-el-Béghal to Nemours. The decisive factors were the anthracite deposits of Jerada and the manganese ore deposits near Bouarfa . This section was put into operation in 1936.
The port expansion began in modern times in 1908 and has served trade and fishing ever since. At times, Moroccan products had a high share of the export activity in this port. Between 1953 and 1958, the A. Monod company expanded its area and since then it has had ten quays. The railway connection enables goods to be exchanged as far as Niger .
population
The native population belongs to the Arabs. There are also French. The population in 1948 was 9514 people. In the meantime it increased steadily (1977: 17 176 Ew .; 1987: 27 252 Ew.).
religion
The population is almost exclusively Muslim.
Economy and Transport
The city's economic backbone has always been its port. Today there is a container terminal there. In the country it takes up an area of 23 hectares and is designed for freight and passenger traffic. As a fishing port, the port is of great importance for Algeria. The most important products are sardines and anchovies. Hard coal , manganese, iron, copper and cobalt ore as well as other raw materials are exported to mineral products . Today there are particularly lively trade relations with Spain (Port of Alméria).
Goods are transported by road and rail to and from the hinterland. The railway line initially leads south and joins the main line Oran- Oujda- Casablanca west of Tlemcen .
The national road N. 7A extends from Ghazaouet south to Maghnia , where it merges with the N. 7 to Tlemcen. Regional roads open up the city's mountainous hinterland.
Gardens and orchards were laid out in the vicinity of the city, especially in the valley cuts with sufficient water. At the center of this agricultural economy are fruits and viticulture.
Attractions
- old docks and church
- Monument de Bab-el-Assa in the city center (at the old port)
- Les Deux Frères rock group and a small group of Les deux soeurs in the harbor bay
- one kilometer east of the city center, remains of ancient Roman settlements
- old Berber castle Taount on the eastern rock plateau
- two kilometers east of the city center is the Marabout de Sidi Brahim
sons and daughters of the town
- Octave-Edouard-Francois Llabador (born May 17, 1877 - November 10, 1939), lawyer, Mayor of Nemours
- Han Ryner (7 December 1861 - 6 January 1938), poet and philosopher
literature
- Jacques Delmas (Ed.) Et al .: Richesse de France No. 18, Tlemcen et sa region . Bordeaux 1954
- Mohammed Hamdoun: Ghazaouet (Nemours) . Paris (Edition's l'harmattan) 2001, ISBN 2-7475-0251-1
- Francis Llabador: Recherches d'archéologie musulmane. Les ruines de Taount, bourgade berbère du Maghreb central . In: Revue africaine. (88) 1944 (Société historique algérienne) Alger, pp. 181-201
- Alfred Renz: Algeria . Munich (Prestel) 1986 ISBN 3-7913-0768-1
- Prosper Ricard / Magdelaine Parisot: Algérie, Tunisie (Les guides bleus) . Paris (Librairie Hachette) 1950
- Paul Vageler: On the soil geography of Algiers . Gotha (Hermann Haack) 1955
Web links
- Port website (French text)
- City website (French text)
- Illustration of the Ad Fratres rocks (French text)
- historical views (French text)
- History of the city (French text)