Han Ryner
Han Ryner (born December 7, 1861 in Nemours , Oran Department , Algeria as Jacques Élie Henri Ambroise Ner , † January 6, 1938 in Paris ) was a French non-violent anarchist and individualist . He was an anti-militarist , a vegetarian, and a supporter of free love and nudism . Ryner was a teacher , poet , journalist and philosopher.
Life
Han Ryner came from a humble background, his father was an employee of the post office and his mother a teacher. Ryner studied and got a degree in philosophy . At first he was very religious, only after his mother's death did he break with religion, become a Freemason and deal with social ideas.
Shortly after Ryner's birth, the Ner family left Algeria and settled in Provence . They lived in the village of Rognac near Aix-en-Provence.
At first Ryner worked as a teacher in various schools, especially in the city of Sisteron . When a regional cholera epidemic broke out in the village of Les Omergies in 1884 and the authorities were inactive, he organized help for the victims.
He took the pseudonym Han Ryner in 1896 and began his journalistic work in and for anarchist circles. He became editor-in-chief of Demain magazine and has worked for numerous newspapers and magazines: L'Art social , L'Humanité Nouvelle , L'Ennemi du Peuple , L'Idée libre , L'Endehors , and L'Unique . In 1895 he went to Paris as a professor of philosophy.
Ryner repeatedly stood up for people who were affected by state repression. During the Dreyfus Affair in 1894 he got involved with the Jewish captain Alfred Dreyfus . On the eve of the First World War , he became a pacifist and campaigned for conscientious objection during the war. Even after the war he fought until his death for the recognition of conscientious objection to military service . In the 1920s he campaigned for the Italian immigrants, trade unionists, and anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti who had been imprisoned in the United States and sentenced to death.
philosophy
Ryner's philosophical thinking is very much influenced by antiquity , especially the Stoics . Ryner calls for wisdom that leads to accepting the inevitable - that which cannot be changed or defeated. According to Ryner, the individual has to accept certain forms of oppression that are related to human social nature. As an individualist, he stands up for the inner liberation of man and not for the social and collective revolution. People should act for themselves and free themselves from external conditions as much as possible. People should pay attention to their own needs and impulses and only obey when their own individuality is at stake. Ryner called his individualism a "harmonious individualism", which he distinguished from an "egoistic individualism" or an individualism based on the domination of others. He rejected the latter in the name of his ethics and humanism.
Works (selection)
- Le Crime d'obéir (1900)
- L'Homme fourmi, novel (1901)
- Les Pacifiques (1914 - dt. Nelti. , Guild of Freedom Book Friends , translated by Augustin Souchy , 1930; new edition with an afterword by Jürgen Mümken . Edition AV . Lich 2008. ISBN 978-3-86841-006-8 .)
- Le Père Diogène (1915-1935)
- Le Sphinx rouge (1918)
- Bouche d'or, patron des pacifistes (1934)
- Les Voyages de Psychodore, philosophe cynique (1903 - German Psychodors Wandering , Wolkenwanderer Verlag, translated by Fred Antoine Angermayer , 1924)
- Conversations with Peterchen (1920), fragments from the novel Ce qui meurt , translated by Anna Nussbaum (first German edition of a work by Han Ryner)
literature
- Sylvestre Dolores Marin: Han Ryner and the spread of his thought in Iberian anarchism . In: Graswurzelrevolution , No. 310 / 311. 2006.
- Jürgen Mümken : Han Ryner, Messianism and Atlantis as a place of utopia. Epilogue in: Han Ryner: Nelti . Libertarian library, Edition AV publishing house, Lich 2008.
- William Wright: The Provençal Tolstoy. Han Ryner (1861-1938): Poet, individualist, nonviolent anarchist and supporter of the Spanish nonviolent anarchists before and during the Second Republic (1931-39) . In: Graswurzelrevolution, No. 274, 2002.
Web links
- Literature by and about Han Ryner in the catalog of the German National Library
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Ryner, Han |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Ner, Jacques Élie Henri Ambroise (real name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French nonviolent anarchist and individualist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 7, 1861 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Nemours , Oran Department , Algeria |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 6, 1938 |
| Place of death | Paris |