Cluck (butterflies)
| Cluck | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oak moth ( Lasiocampa quercus ), ♀ |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lasiocampidae | ||||||||||||
| Harris , 1841 |
The mother hen or woolly moth (Lasiocampidae) are a family of butterflies ( moths ). They occur worldwide with around 1,500 species in 150 genera and five subfamilies. They get their name from their conspicuous resting position, in which they lay the wings on top of each other like roof tiles and look like brooding hens . This can be seen particularly clearly in the genus Gastropacha . The family is spread almost worldwide, they are only absent in New Zealand. Their main area of distribution are the tropics of the Old World.
features
The medium-sized to large moths have a very strong and plump build and are usually very hairy. Their two pairs of wings are usually very wide, but there are some genera in which the forewings are rather narrow and the hind wings are small. Their coloring is usually gloomy, males and females show a sexual dimorphism . Females are usually larger than males. The antennae are feathered to the tip in both sexes. The proboscis in all species is either severely reduced or completely absent, the maxillary palps are also absent. The labial palps are differently developed.
The wing veins R5 and M1 are usually close together on the forewings, as are the veins M2 and M3. On the hind wings, the Sc and Rs veins are separated at the base of the wing, but meet to form a cell. The M2 wire mostly arises at the base of M3. The CuP vein is missing on both pairs of wings. The tibiae of the middle and rear pairs of legs each have two very short spurs, those of the front legs have none. In many species the females have an anal bush at the end of the abdomen .
The following autapomorphies differentiate the family from others: The bristles on the pilifer, a structure that is derived from the labrum , are missing. The part of the radial (R) directed further towards the wing tip approaches the vein Sc clearly. The areole is missing on the wings and the vein CuA2 of the forewings begins closer to the discal cell than the vein M3. The frenulum , the bristle with which the two pairs of wings are coupled to each other in flight, is missing and is replaced by expanded areas of the wings that overlap in flight. The proboscis already visible in the doll is short to severely stunted.
The caterpillars are particularly hairy on the sides and mostly large. Many have an oval cross-section or the underside of the body slightly curved inward. There are many among them that are brightly colored. Their cocoons are very sturdy and often powdered. They feed on a variety of different deciduous trees and shrubs.
Way of life
The animals are nocturnal, but you can also find males in the afternoon, flying around wildly in search of females. There are pests among them where mass occurrences are possible. The moths cannot eat because they do not have proboscis and die soon after mating and laying eggs. The eggs, many of which the females can lay, are mostly flat and dented in the middle.
Systematics
The following overview lists the 22 species occurring in Germany (D), Austria (A) and Switzerland (CH). In Europe the Lasiocampidae family is represented with a total of 46 species.
Subfamily Poecilocampinae
- Little poplar mother ( Poecilocampa populi ) D-CH-A
- Alpine woolly spinner ( Poecilocampa alpina ) D-CH-A
- Hawthorn moth ( Trichiura crataegi ) D-CH-A
Subfamily Lasiocampinae
- Spring wool juicer ( Eriogaster lanestris ) D-CH-A
- Alpine wool after ( Eriogaster arbusculae ) D-CH-A
- Oak wool extractor ( Eriogaster rimicola ) D-CH-A
- Hedge wool jacks or sloe autumn wool jacks ( Eriogaster catax ) D-CH-A
- Ring Moth ( Malacosoma neustria ) D-CH-A
- Milkweed ring moth ( Malacosoma castrensis ) D-CH-A
- Frankfurt ring moth ( Malacosoma franconica ) DA
- Alpine ring moth ( Malacosoma alpicola ) D-CH-A
- Clover moth ( Lasiocampa trifolii ) D-CH-A
- Oak moth ( Lasiocampa quercus ) D-CH-A
- Blackberry moth ( Macrothylacia rubi ) D-CH-A
- Pine moth ( Dendrolimus pini ) D-CH-A
- Grasglucke or drinker ( Euthrix potatoria ) D-CH-A
- Mondfleckglucke ( Cosmotriche lobulina ) D-CH-A
- Willow hen ( Phyllodesma ilicifolia ) D-CH-A
- Eichenglucke ( Phyllodesma tremulifolia ) D-CH-A
- Kupferglucke ( Gastropacha quercifolia ) D-CH-A
- Poplar Hatchling ( Gastropacha populifolia ) D-CH-A
- Hatchling Plum ( Odonestis pruni ) D-CH-A
Other types (selection)
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lasiocampidae. Lepiforum eV, accessed on November 2, 2006 .
- ↑ Lasiocampidae. Fauna Europaea, accessed November 2, 2006 .
literature
- Günter Ebert (Ed.): The Butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 4, Moths II (Bombycidae, Endromidae, Lemoniidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae, Drepanidae, Notodontidae, Dilobidae, Lymantriidae, Ctenuchidae, Nolidae). Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3474-8
- NP Kristensen: Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies, 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie 4 (35) , Walter de Gruyter. Berlin, New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-015704-7
- Malcolm J. Scoble: The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity. Oxford University Press 1995, ISBN 978-0-19-854952-9
- Hans-Josef Weidemann, Jochen Köhler: Moths. Weirdos and hawkers. Naturbuch-Verlag, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-89440-128-1 .
