Frankfurt ring spinner

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Frankfurt ring spinner
Frankfurt ring moth (Malacosoma franconicum), male

Frankfurt ring moth ( Malacosoma franconicum ), male

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Huckling (Lasiocampidae)
Genre : Malacosoma
Subgenus : Malacosoma (Malacosoma)
Type : Frankfurt ring spinner
Scientific name
Malacosoma franconicum
( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775)
Female
Caterpillar of the Frankfurt ring moth

The Frankfurt ring moth ( Malacosoma franconicum ), sometimes also spelled Malacosoma franconica in the literature , is a butterfly ( moth ) from the mother hen family (Lasiocampidae). The German name was chosen based on the type location Frankfurt am Main , where the species has been extinct since the 1830s, since at that time the biotope of the only occurrence area there on the Frankfurt Lerchesberg was destroyed by construction measures. Occasionally the German name Queckenspinner is used.

features

butterfly

There is a slight sexual dimorphism between the sexes . The wingspan of the males is 20 to 25 millimeters, that of the females 28 to 38 millimeters. The basic color of the wings of the males is dark brown. The thin scales are striking. At the outer edge of the disk region there is often a narrow, yellowish band, which is sometimes very indistinct. The dark veins stand out more clearly . Thorax and abdomen are densely covered in yellowish hair. The antennae are combed long. The basic wing color of the females is always reddish and shows no drawing. Only the veins stand out. Thorax and abdomen are thinly reddish hairy, the antennae are combed very short. The proboscis in both sexes is stunted.

egg

The egg is round, dirty white in color and has small brown dots on the top.

Caterpillar

Adult caterpillars are brownish in color and have thin red-yellow hairs. They have a light brown back line and bluish side spots. The head is black-blue.

Doll

The doll is dark brown.

Similar species

Since the very similar Alpine ring moth ( Malacosoma alpicolum ) occurs in mountainous and mountainous regions, there is no geographical overlap, which means that confusion is practically impossible.

distribution and habitat

The nominate form Malacosoma franconicum franconicum occurs sparsely in Western and Southern Europe, and in a separate area from the Baltic coast to the Black Sea . The subspecies Malacosoma franconicum panormitanum lives in Sicily . The Frankfurt ring moth prefers to colonize places with a warm microclimate, for example sand biotopes exposed to the south as well as sunny, dry, spacious grass areas and young pine trees.

Way of life

The moths form one generation per year, which can be found in the months of June to August. The males fly during the day in search of the sluggish females. At night they appear very rarely in artificial light sources . The females lay their eggs in long clutches arranged in a ring around branches or stems and fasten them with an orange-yellow putty, which distinguishes them from the clutches of the ring moth ( Malacosoma neustrium ) and the milkweed ring moth ( Malacosoma castrensis ), which have their eggs with a attach black putty. After overwintering, the caterpillars hatch in April. At first they live gregariously in a web on the food plant, into which they retreat to moult and take breaks. After the last moult, they live individually. They feed on the leaves of various plants, for example mugwort - ( Artemisia ), yarrow - ( Achillea ), dock - ( Rumex ), plantain - ( Plantago ), clove - ( Geum ) and couch grass ( Elymus ). In addition, Everlasting flower ( Helichrysum arenarium ) and Heather ( Calluna vulgaris ) called as food plants. Pupation takes place in a white-gray cocoon .

Danger

The Frankfurt ring moth occurs only in a few places in the north-east of Germany, for example in dune areas on the island of Usedom and on military training areas in Brandenburg . It is on the Red List of Threatened Species in Category 1 ("Critically Endangered"). In Baden-Württemberg it is considered to be extinct or lost.

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Adolf Rössler: The Schuppenflügler (Lepidopteren) of the royal administrative district Wiesbaden and their development history. - Yearbooks of the Nassau Association for Natural History 33/34, Julius Niedner Verlagshandlung, Wiesbaden, 1880/81, p. 52/53
  2. ↑ Josef J. de Freina: The Bombyces and Sphinges of the West Palaearctic. Volume 1. Noctuoidea, Sphingoidea, Geometoidea, Bombycoidea. EFW Edition Research & Science Verlag GmbH, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-926285-00-1
  3. ^ Karl Eckstein: The butterflies of Germany, 2nd volume, The swarmers and spinners (Sphingidae - Thyrididae) , KG Lutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart, 1915
  4. ^ A b c Hans-Josef Weidemann, Jochen Köhler: Moths, Spinners and Swarmers . Naturbuch-Verlag, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-89440-128-1
  5. ↑ a b Günter Ebert (Hrsg.): The Butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 4, Moths II (Bombycidae, Endromidae, Lasiocampidae, Lemoniidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae, Drepanidae, Notodontidae, Dilobidae, Lymantriidae, Ctenuchidae), Nolidae. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3474-8
  6. ^ Burchard Alberti: New German sites of Malacosoma franconica Esp. (Lep. Lasiocampidae) , Entomological Journal Frankfurt a. M. 62, 1952
  7. ↑ Johannes Pfau: My observations on the way of life of Malacosoma franconica Esp. , Entomological Journal Frankfurt a. M. 42, 1928
  8. ↑ Ernst and Herta Urbahn: The butterflies of Pomerania with a comparative overview of the Baltic Sea region , Entomological Association of Stettin, Stettin 1939
  9. ↑ Walter Forster, Theodor A. Wohlfahrt: The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 3: Weirdos and Swarmers. (Bombyces and Sphinges). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1960, DNB 456642196 .
  10. ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany . Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 3-89624-110-9 .

literature

  • Günter Ebert (Ed.): The Butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 4, Moths II (Bombycidae, Endromidae, Lasiocampidae, Lemoniidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae, Drepanidae, Notodontidae, Dilobidae, Lymantriidae, Ctenuchidae, Nolidae). Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3474-8
  • Josef J. de Freina: The Bombyces and Sphinges of the West Palaearctic. Volume 1. Noctuoidea, Sphingoidea, Geometoidea, Bombycoidea. EFW Edition Research & Science Verlag GmbH, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-926285-00-1
  • Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 3: Weirdos and Swarmers. (Bombyces and Sphinges). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1960, DNB 456642196 .
  • Ernst and Herta Urbahn: The Butterflies of Pomerania with a comparative overview of the Baltic Sea region , Entomological Association of Stettin, Stettin 1939
  • Manfred Koch : We determine butterflies. Volume 2: Bears, Spinners, Swarmers and Drills in Germany. 2nd, expanded edition. Neumann, Radebeul / Berlin 1964, DNB 452481929 .
  • Hans-Josef Weidemann, Jochen Köhler: Moths, Spinners and Swarmers . Naturbuch-Verlag, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-89440-128-1 .

Web links

Commons : Frankfurter Ringelspinner  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files