Golden capuchin
| Golden capuchin | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Golden capuchin ( Sapajus flavius ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Sapajus flavius | ||||||||||||
| ( Schreber , 1799) |
The golden capuchin ( Sapajus flavius , syn .: Cebus flavius ) is a primate species from the subfamily of the capuchin monkeys within the New World monkey . It was rediscovered in 2006 after having been lost for over 200 years.
features
Golden capuchins reach a head body length of 35 to 40 centimeters, the tail is 38 to 41 centimeters long. The weight is 1.8 to 3.0 kilograms, with the males likely to be heavier than the females. The fur of these primates is predominantly golden yellow, the hands and feet are black. There is a white and yellow cap on the head, the face is pink.
Distribution and way of life
Golden Capuchins occur only in northeastern Brazil , their range includes the coastal forests of the states Paraíba , Pernambuco and Alagoas . A population was also observed in studies in 2006 and 2007 in the dry forests of the Caatinga region in the state of Rio Grande do Norte , which means that the range extends further north and west than originally assumed. The species is possibly also represented in the São Francisco Natural Monument in the border area of the states of Bahia and Alagoas, the region is also in the Caatinga dry forests. The western limit of distribution of the golden capuchin has therefore only been little investigated.
Very little is known about their way of life. Like all capuchin monkeys, they are diurnal tree dwellers. They live in groups of around 18 animals made up of several males and females as well as their offspring. A group of 45 individuals was reported for the Caatinga region. In the coastal forests, the diet consists mainly of fruits, which make up about 24% of the amount consumed. About one eighth each consists of other parts of the plant such as tubers, leaves, flowers and bark or of animal components, mainly arthropods and vertebrates . In times when there is little food, the animals also use sugar cane , which can make up 50% of total food over the year. When there is a rich supply of fruit in the rainy season, the animals spread further , but competition among each other increases when only sugar cane is available in the dry season. Frequent antagonistic acts then take place among males.
Discovery story
The explorer Georg Marggraf described a yellow primate species under the name Caitaia in his work Historia Naturalis Brasiliae , published in 1648 . This is likely to be the first report on the Golden Capuchin. Johann Christian von Schreber made a drawing of a monkey in 1774, which he gave the scientific name Simia flavia . Later these reports fell into oblivion or Schreber's picture was simply regarded as a synonym for the hooded capuchin or the backstripe capuchin . Schreber had also left no written description and no type specimen .
In 2006, 232 years after Schreber's drawing, two reports appeared almost simultaneously about a new, golden-yellow-colored capuchin species from northeastern Brazil. Pontes, Malta & Asfora (2006) described these finds as a new species of Cebus queirozi . Since they recognized the new species as very rare, they stunned an animal, measured it, declared it a holotype and then released it back into the wild.
Shortly afterwards, de Oliveira and Langguth (2006) published a report on a primate, initially without knowledge of the other publication, in which they recognized the species already drawn by Marggraf and Schreber. They gave it the scientific name Cebus flavius based on Schreber's name ( Cebus is the generic name of the capuchin monkey and has now replaced Simia ). According to the International Rules for Zoological Nomenclature , if a species is named more than once, the older name, i.e. Cebus flavius , is valid . When the capuchin monkey was divided into two genera, it became Sapajus flavius .
Danger
Golden capuchins are an endangered species. The main reason for this is that their habitat has been severely reduced in size and fragmented through forest clearance. The remaining populations are highly fragmented, there are around 24 populations with an average of 15 animals each. The total population is estimated at 180 animals. Around 130 individuals live in a 270 hectare forest area in the state of Paraibo. The IUCN lists the species as " critically endangered ".
literature
- Marcelo M. de Oliveira, Alfredo Langguth: Rediscovery of Marcgrave's Capuchin Monkey and Designation of a Neotype for Simia flavia Schreber 1774 (Primates, Cebidae). (PDF; 394 kB) In: Boletim do Museu Nacional. No. 523, 2006, pp. 1-16.
- Antonio Rossano Mendes Pontes, Alexandre Malta, Paulo Henrique Asfora: A new species of capuchin monkey, genus Cebus Erxleben (Cebidae, Primates): found at the very brink of extinction in the Pernambuco Endemism Center. (PDF; 492 kB) In: Zootaxa . No. 1200, 2006, pp. 1-12.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Renata G. Ferreira, Leandro Jerusalinsky, Thiago César Farias Silva, Marcos de Souza Fialho, Alan de Araújo Roque, Adalberto Fernandes and Fátima Arruda: On the occurrence of Cebus flavius (Schreber 1774) in the Caatinga, and the use of semi-arid environments by Cebus species in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte. Primates 50 (4), 2009, pp. 357-362
- ↑ G. Oddi, W. Batista, L. Maiorano, E. Medeiros Costa Neto and N. Spagnoletti: Habitat Use in Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus spp.): A Preliminary Study in the Caatinga of Rio São Francisco Natural Monument (Bahia, Brazil ). Folia Primatol 88, 2017, p. 206
- ↑ a b Poliana Gabriele Alves de Souza Lins and Renata Gonçalves Ferreira: Competition during sugarcane crop raiding by blond capuchin monkeys (Sapajus flavius). Primates 60 (1), 2019, pp. 81-91
Web links
- Sapajus flavius (Schreber, 1774) at ITIS
- Sapajus flavius in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2009 Posted by: M. M. de Oliveira, J.-P. Boubli, M. C. M. Kierulff, 2008. Retrieved November 5, 2009.