Green and blue show beetle

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Green and blue show beetle
Green and blue show beetle

Green and blue show beetle

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Beetle (Coleoptera)
Family : Ground beetle (Carabidae)
Subfamily : Lebiinae
Genre : Lebia
Type : Green and blue show beetle
Scientific name
Lebia chlorocephala
( Hoffmann , 1803)
Lebia chlorocephala up.jpgLebia chlorocephala under.jpg
Fig. 1: Top side (female) Fig. 2: Underside (female)
Lebia chlorocephala front.jpgLebia chlorocephala side.jpg
Fig. 3: Front view Fig. 4: side view
Lebia chlorocephala male mesotibia.jpg Lebia chlorocephala hind claw.jpg Lebia chlorocephala Reitter.png
Fig. 6: Claw rear foot
Lebia chlorocephala detail1.jpg
Fig. 5: Splint of
the middle leg
in the male 		Fig. 7: Closure of the
wing covers in the
area of ​​the seam 		Fig. 8: Mouth parts
A upper lip B upper jaw
C lower jaw D lower lip

The green and blue show beetle , also known as green show beetle , is a ground beetle from the subfamily Lebiinae . Various authors put the species as Lamprias chlorocephalus to the genus Lamprias or as Lebia chlorocephala to the genus Lebia . The genus Lamprias is represented in Europe with six species.

The metallic, shiny, multicolored beetle is listed in the Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany under Category V (warning list) because its frequency is falling sharply. The same applies to Baden-Württemberg , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Saxony , Schleswig-Holstein and Thuringia . Only in Saxony-Anhalt is the species considered not endangered. The species differs only in subtleties from the species Lamprias rufipes from southwestern Europe and Lamprias cyanocephalus , which, like the green-blue show beetle, also occurs in Central Europe.

Notes on the scientific name

The species was described in 1803 in the article About a Carabus cyanocephalus Fab. very related ground beetle species in the entomological notebooks separated from the species Carabus cyanocephalus as Carabus chlorocephalus and proposed as the name for the new species chlorocephalus . This article is without naming an author, in the text corresponding passages are kept in the plural. Some friends of natural history are named in the title as the author of the first and second booklet without naming their names . The preface for both issues is signed by JJHoffmann, JDWKoch, PWJMüller and JMLinz. Accordingly, in the literature, the name of the first descriptor, which is added to the scientific name of the species in brackets, can be found in the spelling "Hoffm.", "Hoffmann", "J.Hoffmann", "JJHoffmann", "Hoffmann et al.", "Hoffmann Koch, Müller et Linz" or instead of the author the source "Ent.Heft." In the article in question, however, it is also mentioned that the variant previously known as a variant was named chlorocephalus in our collections. So it is not impossible that an earlier description defined the name. Hoffmannsegg is also often given as the author of the species. Both species were in 1810 by Bonelli due to the construction of their tarsi to the new genus Lamprias asked. The differentiation criteria of Lamprias and Lebia were not assessed by all systematics as sufficient for the separation into two different genera. Accordingly, Lamprias is viewed by different authors as an independent genus or only as a sub-genus of Lebia or not recognized as a taxonomic unit at all. The spellings Lamprias chlorocephalus , Lebia (Lamprias) chlorocephala and Lebia chlorocephala also exist .

The species name chlorocéphalus, a from Altgr. "Χλωρός" for "green" and κεφαλή "kephalē" for "head" refers to the dark blue-green color of the head. The generic name Lamprias means "shiny" (old Greek λαμπρός lamprós) because of the bright colors of the animal. The generic name Lebia comes from old Gr. λεβίας lebías "liver fish" with an unclear reference.

Characteristics of the beetle

The broad and flat beetle is between five and eight millimeters in length. The elytra are bright green with a transition to blue, the head is very dark blue-green, the pronotum and most of the legs are red-brown (Fig. 1, the red-brown color turns yellow with dead material). The underside (Fig. 2) is finely dotted and also very shiny with a red-brown chest section and a dark blue-green abdomen.

The shiny metallic head is egg-shaped lengthways and only slightly pinched behind the strongly curved eyes. It is more clearly but sparsely dotted than the head of Lamprias cyanocephala , on the center of the forehead the dots are fine and scattered. The mouthparts face forward. The upper lip (Fig. 8 A) is roughly rectangular, slightly concave in front and there with a few bristle-bearing pore points. The upper jaws (Fig. 8 B) are toothless, the tip bent inwards. The long outer jaw probes (Fig. 8 C) are four-parted, the end part cylindrical to spindle-shaped, truncated and about the same length as the second part. The narrow end link of the two-part inner jaw probe (Fig. 8 C) is significantly shorter than the base link. The base link of the lip switch (Fig. 8 D) is short, the second link long and the end link longest, thickened and truncated. The eleven-limbed antennae are cord-shaped and about as long as the wing-coverts. They are deflected in front of the eyes at the base of the upper jaw. The second antenna element is short, the third about as long but thinner than the first. The first three links are almost bare. The following links are slightly shorter than the third and are of the same length as one another. The two base members and the basal half of the third member are colored red-brown, the rest of the antennae are dark and yellow-brown pubescent.

The bald pronotum is short, significantly wider than long, but relatively longer than that of Lamprias cyanocephala . Behind the pronotum is only slightly narrowed, but more than that of Lamprias cyanocephala . The back corners, each with a bristle point, are somewhat flared and right-angled, more pronounced than in Lamprias cyanocephala . The base center of the pronotum protrudes significantly towards the rear and is straight truncated to the side.

The glossy elytra are together much wider than the pronotum. They are trimmed at the back and leave the abdomen partially uncovered. They are somewhat square, with rounded shoulders and widened towards the back. They have fine dotted stripes, in between they are very finely dotted. The wing covers are broad at the tip of the wing cover seam, not almost angularly rounded. (Fig. 7) The triangular, pointed label is colored the same as the pronotum.

The legs are mostly brownish red, only the rail ends and tarsi are blackened. In the male, the insides of the middle rails are cut out by about one sixth of the rail width before the end. This is less deep than with Lebia cyanocephala . In both sexes there is a clear plaster notch on the front rails. The tarsi are all five-part; the penultimate tarsal segment is deeply edged and only very weakly bilobed; the claws are serrated like a comb (Fig. 6).

biology

The beetle is active at twilight, you can find it in the evening crawling around on plants at the edges of forests with moist meadows on a loamy ground. During the day you can often find the animals sociable in sunny places in open and wooded areas, on the ground under stones.

The species shows an unusual development. The larvae develop ectoparasitic on pupae of the leaf beetle Chrysolina varians , possibly also on other species of the genus Chrysolina . Only the first larval stage initially has the usual shape of ground beetles with the head stretched forward, six well-developed legs and two cerci . The very active larva measures 2.7 millimeters (including the cerci) in this state. She goes to the host's doll cradle and begins to eat the doll. In doing so, it loses its mobility and swells up to eleven millimeters in length without shedding, as the skins stretch between the chitinized skeletal plates. To do this, the larva needs about a week at room temperature. The subsequent molt to the second and last larval stage provides a degenerate form that no longer takes in any further food and does not grow either. It has neither tergites nor sternites , the mouthparts and legs are greatly reduced, the cerci are rudimentary.

Reproduction takes place in spring. The eggs were laid for more than a week and comprised at least 35 eggs in the observed case. For several years it was possible to identify the top soil layer in a fallow field occupied with gorse as the wintering quarters for the fully developed beetle.

distribution

The beetle appears to be spreading north. So there are more recent finds only in Lithuania and Norway. The species is distributed across Europe from the British Isles and the southern part of Fennoscandinavia and is also reported from the Caucasus and Western Siberia . It reaches Spain and Italy in the south , but is absent in Greece and several south-east European countries.

literature

  • Carl Küster: The beetles of Europe: Described after nature 3rd booklet, Bauer and Raspe Nuremberg, 1845
  • Johann J. Hoffman et al .: Entomological Hefts Friedrich Eßlinger, Frankfurt am Main 1803
  • Heinz Joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: The beetles of Central Europe . tape 2 . Adephaga 1. Elsevier, Spektrum, Akad. Verl., Munich 1976, ISBN 3-87263-025-3 .
  • Gustav Jäger (Ed.): CG Calwer’s Käferbuch . K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition
  • Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire I. Volume, KGLutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1908

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire, Volume I, KGLutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1908
  2. ↑ a b Lamprias chlorocephalus in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved November 13, 2012
  3. ↑ Taxonomic classification according to Carabidae of the World
  4. ↑ Lamprias at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved October 31, 2012
  5. ↑ November Red Lists of Bionetworx retrieved 11, 2012
  6. ^ Johann J. Hoffmann et al .: Entomologische Hefte Friedrich Eßlinger, Frankfurt am Main 1803 as a Google E-Book
  7. ↑ a b Klaas Reissmann: Some remarkable beetle habitats on the Lower Rhine (Coleoptera) . In: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rheinischer Koleopterologen (Hrsg.): Communications of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rheinischer Koleopterologen . tape 18 (1-4) , 2008, ISSN  0939-7736 , DNB  016813502 , p. 49–56 (www.koleopterologie.de/arbeitsgemeinschaft/publikationen/pdf-mitt/REISSMANN%202008%20Kaeferlebensraeume%20Niederrhein.pdf [PDF; 46 kB ; accessed on April 18, 2019]).
  8. ^ William Edward Shuckard: Elements of British entomology Part 1 London, Hippolyte Ballière, 1839, page 20 as a Google e-book
  9. ↑ Lamprias as a subgenus in Carabidae of the World
  10. ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
  11. ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
  12. ↑ James Wilson, James Duncan: Entomologia Edinensis Edinburgh, Blackwood & London, Cadell 1834, page 77 as a goggle e-goat
  13. ↑ WFErichson et al .: Natural History of Insects German first division, first band: Coleoptera Berlin 1860 Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung
  14. ↑ a b Polish page on the species of Coleoptera Poloniae
  15. ↑ Martin L. Luff: The Carabidae (Coleoptera) Larvae of Fennoscandia and Denmark EJ Brill 1993, ISBN 90-04-09836-4 , ISSN  0106-8377
  16. ^ A b Carl H. Lindroth: The larva of Lebia chlorocephala Hoffm. (Col. Carabidae) Opuscula Entomologica 19: 29-33 (1954)
  17. ↑ Wolfgang Willner: Taschenlexikon der Käfer Mitteleuropas . 1st edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2013, ISBN 978-3-494-01451-7 .
  18. ↑ R Ferenca, P Ivinskis, A Meržijevskis: New and rare Coleoptera species in Lithuania Ekologija (Vilnius) 2002, No. 3 ISSN  0235-7224 as PDF
  19. ↑ Jostein Engdal, Karl Erik Zachariassen: New records of Coleoptera in Norway Fauna Norvegica Seria B Norwegian Journal of Entomology Vol. 26 No. 1 as PDF

Web links

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