Green stick tongue

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Green stick tongue
2012-07-04 Microglossum viride (Schrad.) Gillet 233769.jpg

Green Pedunculate Tongue ( Microglossum viride )

Systematics
Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina)
Class : Leotiomycetes
Order : Helotials
Family : Earth tongue relatives (Geoglossaceae)
Genre : Pedunculate Tongues ( Microglossum )
Type : Green stick tongue
Scientific name
Microglossum viride
( Pers  .: Fr. ) Gillet

The green stalk tongue ( Microglossum viride , syn. Geoglossum viride and Leptoglossum viride ) is a hose fungus from the family of the common tongue . It is sometimes also referred to as the green earth tongue , although the representatives of the genus Geoglossum earth tongue are actually called.

features

Young specimens of the green pedunculate tongue have a light green head part.
Tubes of the green stalk tongue filled with spores under the light microscope

Macroscopic features

The 1–6 cm high and 3–7 mm wide, moist, shiny fruit body consists of a slender, separated and sterile stem part and a tongue-shaped, spatula to club-shaped, broadly pressed and deeply grooved head part, which is covered with the spore-producing fruit layer. The latter is smooth and initially light green, later colored chip green and can sometimes also have ocher tones. When drying, the colors darken black-green. The often bent stalk is covered with sticky, sticky and gray-green to green-blue, whitish color towards the base. The lower end of the stem is often fused with other fruiting bodies. The brittle and chip-green meat is full in the stem part, but hollowed out in the head part.

Microscopic features

In each of the tubes , which are up to 150 micrometers long and 10 µm wide - the tips can be colored blue with iodine solution - 8 spores mature. The colorless ascospores are cylindrical-spindle-shaped, smooth, filled with large oil droplets and have 3 (-4) transverse walls when ripe. They are 22–35 µm long and measure 4–6 µm in width - Marcel Bon gives the dimensions 15–23 × 4–6 µm. The tubes are mixed with narrow, branched and slightly thickened sterile cell threads at the tip and together form the fruit layer.

Species delimitation

The olive-brown stalk tongue grows on meadows and semi-arid lawns.

The olive-brown stem tongue ( M. olivaceum ) can also have greenish colors, but grows on natural meadows and semi-arid grasslands . The stem tongues differ from the earth tongues ( geoglossum ) in terms of their spore color: the former are brownish in color, the latter are hyaline .

Ecology and phenology

Typical locations of the green stalk tongue include, for example, damp areas along streams.

The green stalk tongue grows scattered in deciduous forests on the ground between grasses and mosses in damp places such as z. B. at brook edges. The fruiting bodies appear from September to November.

Spread and endangerment

The species has been found in large parts of Europe, but also in Asia and North America at altitudes of up to 2650 meters. In Baden-Württemberg it is considered to be “potentially at risk”, in Bavaria and the nationwide edition of the Red List it is even considered to be “highly endangered”.

literature

  • George Massee: A Monograph of the Geoglosseae. With Plates XII and XIII . In: Annals of Botany . tape 11 , no. 42 , 1897, ISSN  1095-8290 , pp. 225-306 , here 268-270 , JSTOR : 43235455 (English).
  • Werner Rothmaler: Excursion flora for Germany . 3. Edition. tape 1 : Lower plants . Fischer, Jena 1994, ISBN 3-334-60827-1 , p. 283 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder , Peter Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms . In: Yearbook of the Black Forest mushroom teaching show . 4th edition. tape 2 . Black Forest Mushroom Teaching Show, 2007, ISSN  0932-920X (incl. CD).
  2. ↑ a b Marcel Bon: Parey's book of mushrooms . 1st edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 (English: The mushrooms and toadstools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer).
  3. ↑ a b c Bruno Hennig, Hans Kreisel, Edmund Michael: Non-leaf mushrooms (Basidiomycetes without leaves, Ascomycetes) . In: Handbook for mushroom lovers . 3. Edition. tape 2 . VEB Gustav Fischer, Jena 1986.
  4. ↑ a b c Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 .
  5. ^ Richard William George Dennis: British Ascomycetes . J. Cramer, Vaduz 1978, ISBN 3-7682-0552-5 .
  6. ^ Wulfard Winterhoff, German Josef Krieglsteiner with the collaboration of Xaver Finkenzeller, Gerhard Gross, Hans Haas, Dieter Knoch , Doris Laber and Helmut Schwöbel: Red List of Big Mushrooms in Baden-Württemberg . 2nd version, as of January 31, 1984. Ed .: LUBW State Institute for Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg. Karlsruhe 1984 ( fachdokumente.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de ).
  7. ↑ Peter Karasch, Christoph Hahn: Red List of Endangered Large Mushrooms in Bavaria . As of November 2009. Ed .: Bavarian State Office for the Environment [LfU]. Augsburg 2010.
  8. ↑ Walter Pätzold et al.: Red List of Endangered Large Mushrooms in Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation [BfN]. Bonn.

Web links

Commons : Green Pedunculate Tongue ( Microglossum viride )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files