Garnet-throated hummingbird

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Garnet-throated hummingbird
Garnet-throated hummingbird, female

Garnet-throated hummingbird, female

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Lamprolaima
Type : Garnet-throated hummingbird
Scientific name of the  genus
Lamprolaima
Reichenbach , 1854
Scientific name of the  species
Lamprolaima rhami
( Lesson , 1839)

The garnet- throated hummingbird ( Lamprolaima rhami ), sometimes also called the garnet- throated nymph , is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a wide range in Mexico , Guatemala , El Salvador and Honduras . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

Male Garnet-throated Hummingbird
(Illustration by Louis Victor Bevalet , 1876)

The garnet-throated hummingbird reaches a body length of about 12.0 to 12.5 cm, with the straight, pointed and black beak 1.9 cm long. The top of the males is bright green. They have a blackish face mask and a white spot behind the eye. The throat glitters pinkish pink, the chest purple. The rest of the underside is soot gray, the flanks spotted green. The reddish-brown wing feathers are streaked with brown spots. The tail is purple. The top of the female also shines green. They too have a postocular white spot. The throat and underside are dark gray, usually with a few pink feathers on the throat. The reddish-brown color of the wing feathers is not as intense as in the males. The sides and flanks are spotted green. The outer control springs have white tips. While male juveniles resemble adults, the underside of female specimens is darker with cinnamon-colored fringes up to the blue-spotted breast.

behavior

This species moves in evergreen forests, in pine forests, on the edges of forests and in adjacent bushes. The birds look for their food in all directions . Occasionally they make trips upstairs to hunt insects. When hunting, they make jerky movements. Their discoverer Delattre reported that they approached the flowers of the genus Loranthus belonging to the belt flower family .

Reproduction

They build a relatively approx. 6 cm wide massive calyx, which they place, for example, on a root near a river bank. This can be mistakenly perceived as a lump of earth from which a few roots hang out. As well as & # 8239B. the gray-breasted rapier wing ( Campylopterus largipennis ) ( Boddaert , 1783) and other hummingbird species will expand their nest in the next year. This behavior could be interpreted as camouflage through masking, but also only as maintenance of an existing nest. On the Pacific coast they breed from December to March, on the Atlantic coast from April to May.

Vocalizations

Your reputation as a nasal latches Njik and Tschoi with violent chirping. The singing sounds like a calm, rough, dry, crackling warble, which is penetrated by nasal gurgling noises. Every now and then they repeat a lively tis-i, tiu-tiu 2 to 3 times .

Distribution area

Distribution area (green) of the garnet-throated hummingbird

The species occurs at altitudes of 1200 to 3000 meters on the western and eastern slopes of the mountains of the Mexican states of Guerrero and Puebla . The distribution area extends over Chiapas to the south of Guatemala and over the north of the departments of Santa Ana and Chalatenango in El Salvador and over large parts of Honduras.

Subspecies

There are no known subspecies of the garnet-throated hummingbird. The species is therefore considered to be monotypical . The L. r subspecies described by Ludlow Griscom in 1932 . saturatior , as well as the subspecies L. r described by Allan Robert Phillips in 1966 . occidentalis are now considered synonyms for the nominate form .

Etymology and history of research

René Primevère Lesson described the garnet- throated hummingbird under the name Ornismya Rhami . Although the volume of Revue Zoologique shows the year 1838, the December edition did not appear until 1839. The type copy comes from Mexico and was collected by Adolphe Delattre . Only later was the hummingbird assigned to the new genus Lamprolaima introduced by Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach in 1854 . This name is made up of the Greek words »lampros λαμπρος « for »brilliant, radiant« and »laimos λαιμος « for »throat«. The specific epithet »rhami« is dedicated to Henri-Casimir de Rham (1785–1873) from New York. He sent Lesson a drawing and a description of the bellows.

literature

  • Steve NG Howell, Sophie Webb: A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1995, ISBN 978-0-19-854012-0 .
  • Mike Hansell: Bird Nests and Construction Behavior . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2000, ISBN 978-0-521-01764-0 ( online [accessed January 3, 2015]).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • René Primevère Lesson : Espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux mouches . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 1 , 1838, p. 314-315 ( online [accessed January 3, 2015]).
  • Adolphe Delattre , René Primevère Lesson: Oiseaux-Mouches nouveaux ou très-rares, découverts par M. De Lattre dans son voyage en Amérique . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 2 , 1839, p. 13-20 ( online [accessed January 3, 2015]).
  • Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach: Enumeration of the hummingbirds or trochilids in their true natural relationship with key to their synonymy . In: Journal of Ornithology . tape 2 , special issue, 1854, p. 1-24 ( online [accessed January 3, 2015]).
  • Ludlow Griscom: New Birds from Honduras and Mexico . In: Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club . tape 13 , 1932, p. 55-62 .
  • Allan Robert Phillips: Further systematic notes on Mexican birds . In: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club . tape 86 , no. 6 , 1966, pp. 103-112 ( online [accessed January 3, 2014]).

Web links

Commons : Garnet-throated Hummingbird  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Steve NG Howell u. a., p. 418.
  2. ↑ a b Adolphe Delattre u. a., p. 14.
  3. ↑ Mike Hansell, p. 103.
  4. ↑ Mike Hansell, p. 104.
  5. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  6. ^ Ludlow Griscom, p. 418.
  7. ↑ Allan Robert Phillips, p. 103.
  8. ↑ a b René Primevère Lesson, p. 315.
  9. ^ Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach, p. 9.
  10. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 218.