Gray breasted epee wings

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Gray breasted epee wings
Gray breasted epee wings

Gray breasted epee wings

Systematics
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Tribe : Trochilini
Genre : Epee wing ( Campylopterus )
Type : Gray breasted epee wings
Scientific name
Campylopterus largipennis
( Boddaert , 1783)

The gray-breasted rapier wing ( Campylopterus largipennis ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae) found in Colombia , Venezuela , Guyana , Suriname , French Guiana , Brazil , Ecuador , Peru, and Bolivia . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The gray breasted epee wing reaches a body length of about 12.4 to 14.9 cm, with the males weighing about 9 to 10 g. The females are a little lighter at 7 to 8 g. The male has a curved bill with a black upper bill and a flesh-colored lower bill with a black tip. The top shimmers green. There is a small white point behind the eye. The underside is completely dark gray. The shafts of the outer three hand wings are thicker and flattened. The tail is graduated. The central pair of control springs is green, the rest are bluish black, the rear half is white. Females are similar to males, but the shafts of the hand wings are less prominent.

Behavior and nutrition

The gray-breasted sword wing draws its nectar and a. of flowering plants of the heather family and the genus Heliconias and other plants. In the Departamento de Nariño it has also been observed on bushes belonging to the black- mouthed family. He catches arthropods in flight by chasing them. It is considered a territorial hummingbird. He looks for his food in the lower to middle strata .

Vocalizations

The singing of the gray breast Sabrewing includes short chik pder tirzik - tones. The second tone sounds two-syllable. Occasionally it makes a faster stuttering series of sounds. He presumably emits the notes described in regular, continuous series.

Brood

The breeding season for the scabbard in Colombia is in June. Nests were discovered in Brazil in April and in Ecuador in late November. The nest, a cup-shaped structure, is built with moss and covered with soft seeds. The outside is decorated with large pieces of braid. He attaches the nest to a horizontal branch or branches that are near waterfalls or is built in the bushes 1 meter above running water. The nests are approx. 48 mm high. The outer radius is approx. 67 mm, the inner radius approx. 36 mm. The clutch consists of two immaculately white eggs. The eggs are approximately 15.6 to 15.8 × 10.4 to 10.7 mm in size. The incubation period and the time until the nestlings fledge have not yet been researched.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the gray-breasted sword wing

The gray breasted sword wing prefers moist forests, secondary vegetation , clearings, plantations and thickets at altitudes between 100 and 800 meters, the subspecies C. l. diamantinensis occurs at altitudes between 1200 and 1600 meters.

migration

The gray-breasted epee wing is considered a resident bird .

Subspecies

So far, four subspecies are known:

  • Campylopterus largipennis largipennis ( Boddaert , 1783) occurs in eastern Venezuela, the Guyanas and northern Brazil.
  • Campylopterus largipennis obscurus Gould , 1848 occurs in northeastern Brazil. The subspecies is slightly smaller in all physical proportions, and the control feathers have gray tips.
  • Campylopterus largipennis aequatorialis Gould , 1861 is distributed in eastern Colombia and north-western Brazil to northern Bolivia. The subspecies only has white tips on the last parts of the tail feathers.
  • Campylopterus largipennis diamantinensis Ruschi , 1963 occurs in southeastern Brazil. The subspecies has longer bronze-green outer tail feathers.

However, based on an investigation by Leonardo Esteves Lopes , Marcelo Ferreira de Vasconcelos and Luiz Pedreira Gonzaga , a reorganization with splitting into different types could occur. The South American Check-list Committee supports this reorganization in part.

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the gray chest sword wing was in 1783 by Pieter Boddaert under the scientific name Trochilus largipennis . The type specimen referred to L'Oiseau-Mouche à larges tuyaux which Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon in 1780 and Broad-shafted Humming bird which John Latham had described in 1782. In 1827 William Swainson introduced the new genus Campylopterus . This word is derived from the Greek »kampylos καμπύλος « for »curved, curved« and »-pteros, pteron πτερο « for »-fluted, wing«. The species name »largipennis« is the Latin word formation from »largus« for »abundantly comprehensive« and »-pennis, penna« for »-flügelelt, feather«. "Obscurus" is the Latin word for "dark, gloomy". »Aequatorialis« refers to the country Ecuador or the equator »dark, gloomy«. "Diamantinensis" refers to the Diamantina region .

literature

  • Thomas Züchner, Guy Maxwell Kirwan , Eduardo de Juana in: Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Gray-breasted Sabrewing (Campylopterus largipennis) In: Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Pieter Boddaert: Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton: avec les denominations de MM de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés . sine nomine , Utrecht 1783 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: Drafts for a new arrangement of the Trochilidae . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 16 , no. 180 , 1848, pp. 11-14 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: An introduction to the Trochilidae, or family of humming-birds . Taylor & Francis, London 1861 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Augusto Ruschi: Um novo representante de Campylopterus (Campylopterus largipennis diamantinensis), da região de Diamantina, no Estado de Minas Gerais . In: Boletim do Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello Leitão (=  Série Biologia ). tape 39 , 1963, pp. 1–9 ( boletim.sambio.org.br [PDF; 307 kB ]).
  • Leonardo Esteves Lopes, Marcelo Ferreira de Vasconcelos, Luiz Pedreira Gonzaga: A cryptic new species of hummingbird of the Campylopterus largipennis complex (Aves: Trochilidae) . In: Zootaxa . tape 4268 , no. 1 , 2017, ISSN  1175-5326 , p. 1-33 .
  • Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon: Histoire naturelle des oiseaux . tape 11 . L'Imprimerie Royal, Paris 1780 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Latham: A general synopsis of birds . tape 1 , no. 2 . Printed for Benj. White, London 1782 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • William Swainson: On several Groups and Forms in Ornithology, no hitherto defined . In: The Zoological journal . tape 3 , no. 11 , 1827, pp. 343-363 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Scabbard rapier wings ( Campylopterus largipennis )  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Thomas Züchner u. a.
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ↑ a b Pieter Boddaert, p. 41.
  4. ^ John Gould (1848), p. 13
  5. ^ A b John Gould (1861), p. 54.
  6. ↑ a b Augusto Ruschi (1963), p. 4.
  7. ↑ Leonardo Esteves Lopes et al. a., pp. 1-33.
  8. ^ Proposal (755) to South American Classification Committee Split Campylopterus largipennis into four species
  9. ↑ Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon, p. 48.
  10. ^ John Latham, p. 765.
  11. ^ William Swainson (1827), p. 358
  12. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 87
  13. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 219.
  14. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 278.

Remarks

  1. ↑ He assigned the gray-breasted rapier wing ( Campylopterus largipennis ) and the red-tailed rapier wing ( Campylopterus falcatus ( Swainson , 1821)) to the new genus .