Gray-brown curly spider
| Gray-brown curly spider | ||||||||||
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Gray-brown curly spider |
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| Cicurina cicur | ||||||||||
| ( Fabricius , 1793) |
The gray-brown curled spider ( Cicurina cicur ), sometimes also called autumn litter spider, is a web spider within the family of ground spiders (Hahniidae).
features
The gray-brown curling spider reaches a body length of 5 to 7 millimeters and is therefore a comparatively large curling spider. The color of the front body is light reddish brown to yellowish brown shiny, the head area and the chelicerae are much darker than the rest of the prosoma. The chelicerae are directed steeply downwards and slightly curved backwards. The sternum on the underside of the front body is yellowish. The first leg links up to the patella are similarly colored . Tibia , metatarsi and tarsi , on the other hand, are darker and have a similar color to the anterior part of the body. There are long spines on the underside of the tibia and metatarsus of the first two pairs of legs.
The back of the body is monochrome light gray to gray-brown and covered with fine hairs. He doesn't have a drawing.
Possible confusion
The gray-brown curly spider is reminiscent of the water spider due to its color . In addition, due to its uncommonly simple appearance and hidden way of life, it is often not recognized as a species of this family, but rather as a spider that is less conspicuous, such as a sack spider .
A relative that was introduced from Asia to the Rhine Valley in Switzerland and Germany is Cicurina japonica . There are no other Cicurina species in Central Europe, most of the species of this genus are native to North America and Asia.
Occurrence
The distribution area of the gray-brown curled spider extends from Europe to Central Asia. It is very common in Central Europe . In Germany it is common from the south to the low mountain ranges, in the north it becomes increasingly rare depending on the latitude .
It often inhabits deciduous and mixed forests, where it can be found under the bark of dead trees. But it also lives in quarries and on dry grass under stones or in small caves.
Way of life
Cicurina cicur builds safety nets on the ground in moss and under stones. The adults can be found from spring to autumn. The cribellum , which is used in the other cribellate spider species to produce crimps, has withered.
Systematics
Up until a few years ago, Cicurina cicur was still classified as a funnel spider , later as a curling spider (although it does not produce any curling threads). Today one puts the species to the ground spiders. It is believed that some characteristics of the genus Cicurina have been regressed in the course of evolution. Since the first description by Fabricius in the 18th century under the name Aranea cicurea , the spider was often subject to renaming. For a long time it was counted among the angle spiders of the genus Tegenaria , e.g. B. with Carl Ludwig Koch , 1841.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Cicurina cicur . In: World Spider Catalog. Version 19.5, Natural History Museum Bern, 2018, accessed on July 27, 2018
- ^ A b Carl Ludwig Koch : The arachnids. Depicted and described true to nature. Volume VIII, Nuremberg 1841, p. 40
- ↑ a b W. Nentwig, T. Blick, D. Gloor, A. Hänggi, C. Kropf: Cirurina cicur . Description and distribution map at araneae - Spiders of Europe, Version 05.2015, accessed on May 30, 2015
- ↑ Nicolaj Klapkarek: Graubraune Kräuselspinne - Cicurina cicur species profile at www.natur-in-nrw.de, accessed on May 30, 2015
- ↑ Heiko Bellman: The cosmos spider guide. Over 400 species in Europe. Kosmos nature guide. Kosmos (Franckh-Kosmos), 1st edition, Stuttgart 2010, p. 218 ISBN 978-3-440-10114-8
- ^ Heiko Bellman: Cosmos Atlas Arachnids of Europe. Over 1000 photos. Kosmos (Franckh-Kosmos), 3rd edition, Stuttgart 2006, p. 136 ISBN 978-3-440-10746-1
literature
- Heiko Bellman: The cosmos spider guide. Over 400 species in Europe. Kosmos nature guide. Kosmos (Franckh-Kosmos), 1st edition, Stuttgart 2010, p. 218 ISBN 978-3-440-10114-8
- Carl Ludwig Koch : The arachnids . Depicted and described true to nature. Volume VIII, Nuremberg 1841, p. 40
Web links
Gray-brown curly spider in the World Spider Catalog
- Cicurina cicur at Fauna Europaea
- W. Nentwig, T. Blick, D. Gloor, A. Hänggi, C. Kropf: Cicurina cicur . Description and distribution map at araneae - Spiders of Europe, Version 05.2015, accessed on May 30, 2015