Great Mosque of Diyarbakır
The Great Mosque of Diyarbakır ( Turkish Diyarbakır Ulu Camii ) in Diyarbakır , Turkey, is the Friday mosque of the southeast Anatolian city and an important sacred building of Seljuk architecture . It is one of the oldest mosques in Mesopotamia .
Building history
Diyarbakır had already been conquered by the Arabs in 639 in the course of Islamic expansion , who converted the Christian St. Thomas Church into a mosque. As recently as 770, there is evidence that the building was shared by Christians and Muslims. In 1091, Sultan Malik Shah instructed the local governor Maidud Dawla to build a new mosque on this site. In its current state of construction, the mosque was built in 1091 by the Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah . The building design shows similarities with the Umayyad mosque in Damascus .
Construction was completed in 1092. A few years earlier, Malik Shah had also arranged for the dome of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus to be rebuilt. Influences of Syrian architecture are likely to have reached southeast Anatolia in this way. The west facade was restored after its destruction by earthquake and fire in 1115 between 1117 and 1125 by Atabeg Inaloğlu Abu Mansur Ilaldi.
architecture
The mosque complex, built from local black basalt stone , is laid out around a 63 x 30 m inner courtyard. On its east, south and west side there are two-story rows of colonnades , the colonnades on the north side are only one-story. The west facade shows Roman spoils of a Roman theater as building decoration . As the architect, Hibat Allah al-Jurdschānī (al-Ğurğānī) was responsible for the reconstruction; he had also erected the square minaret over the qiblah wall . Two madrasas , the Mesudiye Medresesi (1193) and, without connection to the inner courtyard, the Zinciriye Medresesi (1189) belong to the building complex. In the center of the courtyard is a Şadirvan from the Ottoman period (1849). Building inscriptions in Arabic calligraphy document the changes in building history. One of the first examples of an interrupted arch can be found in the west arcade of the courtyard. In the entrance portal to the prayer hall there are reliefs showing two lions attacking two bulls. The three-aisled prayer hall itself extends over the entire width of the south facade and the inner courtyard; it is about twice as wide as it is deep. The roof of the main hall is made of wooden beams supported by rows of rectangular stone pillars . The prayer hall itself looks like a simpler version of the hall of the Umayyad mosque, with the same gabled roofs and a longitudinal nave ( transept ), but without a dome. The hall is separated from the courtyard ( Sahn ) by a high wall with sixteen richly decorated portals.
A mosque of a similar type is the 1152-1157 built mosque of Silvan near Diyarbakır. In this building, the prayer hall is completely surrounded by a wall and has a dome. There seems to be no courtyard, but similar to the Great Mosque of Diyarbakır, a portico extends the entire width of the hall. In an axis with the inner mihrab niche, the facade of the portico also has an outer mihrab niche.
gallery
Detail of the facade of the inner courtyard
Model of the Diyarbakır Ulu Cami in the miniaturk
Umayyad Mosque , Damascus
See also
Web links
- Image gallery , accessed October 19, 2016.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Diyarbakır Great Mosque on archnet.org, accessed October 19, 2016
- ^ Ekrem Akurgal, Léo Hilber: The Art and architecture of Turkey . Rizzoli, 1980, ISBN 978-0-8478-0273-9 , pp. 83 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Oktay Aslanapa : Turkish art and architecture . Faber & Faber, London Faber & Faber 1971, ISBN 978-0-571-08781-5 , pp. 93 .
- ^ A b John D. Hoag: History of World Architecture: Islamic Architecture . Electa Architecture, 2004, ISBN 1-904313-29-9 , pp. 110 .
Coordinates: 37 ° 54 ′ 44 ″ N , 40 ° 14 ′ 9 ″ E