Grand Hetman of Lithuania
The Grand Hetman of Lithuania ( Polish Hetman wielki litewski ) was the commander-in-chief of the army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the personal union of Poland-Lithuania between the 15th and 18th centuries in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania .
After the establishment of the personal union, the post of field hetman and grand hetman was created in both Lithuania and Poland. The authority of the Grand Hetman ended at the border of the Grand Duchy. These command posts were separated from each other and could not be accompanied by one and the same person.
In contrast to the field hetman, the grand hetman stayed at the court of the grand duke during peacetime. He was responsible for recruiting, supplying and funding the Lithuanian army. The Grand Hetman also had judicial power over all members of the Lithuanian army.
In the event of war, he took command from the field hetman and led the Lithuanian army into battle. The Polish army was also led by a grand hetman . In most cases, the king appointed the Grand Hetman, who was in his opinion better, as commander-in-chief of the united army. Nevertheless, he had no direct authority over the other army. The second Grand Hetman was always his deputy.
During the defense of the city of Chocim by the army of the Ottoman Empire in 1621, after the death of the Grand Hetman of the Polish Crown Stanisław Żółkiewski , the supreme command of the armed forces was transferred to his deputy, the Grand Hetman of Poland-Lithuania, Jan Karol Chodkiewicz . He also died defending the city.
Since 1579 the title of Grand Hetman was bestowed for life, unless the holder of the office withdrew from military service.
List of the Grand Hetmans of Lithuania | ||
---|---|---|
appointment | Abdication / death | Surname |
1497 | 1500 | Konstantin Iwanowitsch Ostroschski |
1500 | 1501 | Semen Holszański |
1501 | 1502 | Stanisław Janowicz Kieżgajło |
1503/1504 | 1507 | Stanislaw Kiszka |
1507 | 1530 | Konstanty Ostrogski |
1530 | 1531 | vacant |
1531 | 1541 | Jerzy Radziwiłł |
1541 | 1553 | vacant |
1553 | 1566 | Mikołaj Radziwiłł Rudy |
1566 | 1572 | Grzegorz Chodkiewicz |
1572 | 1576 | vacant |
March 6, 1576 | April 27, 1584 | Mikołaj Radziwiłł Rudy |
1584 | 1589 | vacant |
April 15, 1589 | November 20, 1603 | Krzysztof Mikołaj Radziwiłł |
1603 | 1605 | vacant |
1605 | September 24, 1621 | Jan Karol Chodkiewicz |
1621 | 1625 | vacant |
1625 | July 7, 1633 | Lev Sapieha |
1633 | 1635 | vacant |
January 1, 1635 | 1640 | Krzysztof Radziwiłł |
1640 | 1646 | vacant |
April 17, 1646 | 1654 | Janusz Kiszka |
June 17, 1654 | December 31, 1655 | Janusz Radziwiłł |
1656 | 1665 | Paweł Jan Sapieha |
1665 | 1667 | vacant |
1667 | April 4, 1682 | Michał Kazimierz Pac |
1682 | 1703 | Kazimierz Jan Sapieha |
1703 | 1707 | Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki |
1707 | 1708 | Kazimierz Jan Sapieha |
1708 | 1709 | Jan Kazimierz Sapieha |
1709 | 1709 | Grzegorz Antoni Ogiński |
October 28, 1709 | January 30, 1730 | Ludwik Konstanty Pociej |
1730 | 1735 | vacant |
November 9, 1735 | September 18, 1744 | Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki |
October 5, 1744 | May 22, 1762 | Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł |
October 8, 1762 | January 20, 1768 | Michał Józef Massalski |
February 29, 1768 | July 6, 1793 | Michał Kazimierz Ogiński |
July 1793 | April 25, 1794 | Szymon Marcin Kossakowski |
Individual evidence
literature
- Maciej Franz, Wojskowość Kozaczyzny Zaporoskiej w XVI-XVII wieku , Toruń 2004 (Polish edition)
- Polish Ministry of Defense Publishing House : Polskie tradycje wojskowe (Military Traditions of the Polish Army). Warsaw (1990). ISBN 83-11-07675-8