Jan Sapieha

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Jan Kazimierz Sapieha as Grand Hetman
"JOHANN, CASIMIR, GRAF zu LACHOWIZ and SAPIE- ZIN SAPIEHA, Starost zu Bobruÿskÿ etc, Sr. Kaÿserl. Majesty in Russia Gen. FeldMarschall, Knight of the Order of St. Andrew, Hereditary Lord [on] Rawitsch, Kozmÿn, F [uelm], born in 1675, died in Rawitsch in 1730 [illegible]. "

Jan Kazimierz Sapieha , ( German  Johann Casimir Sapieha, Count of Lachowiz , Wielun , Kozmin and Rawicz ; Russian Ян Казимир Сапега ; * 1675 ; † February 22, 1730 in Rawitsch ) was Grand Hetman of Lithuania and Field Marshal of the Russian Empire .

Life

Origin and family

Jan was a member of the Lithuanian magnate family Sapieha , the Sewerian line (so called because her ancestor Bogdan Sapieha, Voivode of Smolensk, was already declared Duke of Severia through his marriage to Maria, the heiress of Severia, but was taken prisoner by Russia in 1493 and had to give up his inheritance right to Sewerien as a result). Johann III. Sobieski was his godfather . His parents were the starost Franciszek Stefan Sapieha († 1686) and Anna Krystyna Lubomirska († 1701). His cousin Michael Sapieha, stable master and field master of Lithuania, was elevated to the Roman-German imperial rank by Emperor Leopold I in 1699 for his services as imperial lieutenant general at Belgrade , Timisoara and Peterwardein against the Ottomans "with his whole house" by Emperor Leopold I , but already fell in 1700. Jan's uncle, his father's two brothers, Casimir Paul Johann Graf Sapieha († 1720), Palatine of Wilna, General Feldzeugmeister and Grand Hetman of Lithuania, father of Jan's cousin Prince Michael, and Benedikt Paul Graf Sapieha, Grand- Treasurers of Lithuania, were awarded an imperial prince diploma by Emperor Leopold I in 1700 and 1701 respectively. His maternal grandfather was Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski (1616–1667). His brothers were the major general Józef Franciszek Sapieha (1670-1744) and the voivode Jerzy Felicjan Sapieha († 1750). Through his sister Franciszka Sapieha, he was brother-in-law Jacob Heinrich von Flemmings (1667–1728).

He married Ludwika Opalinska (1684–1719) in 1699 . The marriage had four children.

Jan's daughter-in-law Joanna (Jana), b. Princess Sułkowska
⚭I 1727 Countess Sofia Maria Skowronska († 1739)
⚭II 1750 Princess Joanna Sulkowska (1736–1800)
Jan's daughter, Princess Katharina Sapieha, married Ziwny von Lilienhoff in secret
  • Katarzyna Ludwika Sapieha (1718-1779), who in 1768 as the wife of Adalbert Paul Ziwny of lilies Hoff and born Catharina Countess Sapieha on Rawitsch of King Friedrich II. Of Prussia , a certificate of recognition of the native prince stand received was as Princess Catharina Sapieha, reigning woman Rawitzsch , known and bought the Freihan minority in the district of Militsch in 1745 , whereby she was also known as Princess Katinka Sapieha on Freihahn , and where she lived with her second husband in a legally valid but secret marriage,
⚭I 1733 Michal Antoni Sapieha (1711–1760), voivode
⚭II 1745 Albert Pawel (Adalbert Paul) (Ziwny / Swini) von Lilienhoff, who in 1763 received a diploma of recognition from King Friedrich II of Prussia for the nobility awarded to him in 1756 by the Roman-German Empress Maria Theresa.

Career

Sapieha received his training at the Jesuit colleges in Warsaw from 1685 and in Braunsberg until 1692 . His subsequent cavalier tour took him through Holland , England and France for five years . In the year of his return in 1697 he was entrusted with diplomatic affairs in the Brześć Litewski Voivodeship . Since 1682 he held the position of a Starost at Babrujskie. In the Great Northern War he fought as part of Stanislaus I. Leszczyńskis with varying success. In 1707 he appointed him General Starost in Greater Poland . Thereafter he was Lithuanian Grand Hetman from 1708 to 1709 . During this time he initially fought with Karl XII. and then moved to the side of August II. He joined the Tarnogród Confederation in 1716 . Eventually he switched to the Russian party and was honored with the Russian field marshal in 1726 and the Alexander Nevsky Order . In the following year 1727 he was appointed Governor General of St. Petersburg and Ingermanland . He was also the holder of the Order of St. Andrew the First Called .

  • Lachowiz Castle

  • Kozmin Castle

  • Coat of arms Lis

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Genealogical tables of some Princely and Gräflicher houses , p. 72 , General historical Lexicon , Volume 6, p. 1163.
  2. ^ A b Johann Franz Budde : Continuation of the general historical LEXICI .: from KZ. 1744, p. 1163.
  3. ^ Mercurii Relation, or weekly Reichs Ordinari newspapers , edition of September 18, 1700.
  4. ↑ Jacob Christoph Iselin : Newly augmented historical and geographical general lexicon , p. 167 and GHdA Adelslexikon , Volume XII, Volume 125 of the complete series, Limburg an der Lahn 2001, p. 250 f.
  5. ↑ a b Sapieha strain list on genealogy.euweb.cz (accessed April 1, 2019); Genealogical tables of some princes and counts in Spain, Italy, France and Great Britain, as well as other empires, partly even more flourishing, partly also stale houses , Volume 1, Frankfurt / Main 1728, p. 73.
  6. ↑ The entire family of Sapieha, d. H. both main lines, Kodeń and Sewerien, received Polish recognition of the princehood in 1768. The later born bear the title prince or princess. GHdA , Adelslexikon , Volume XII, Volume 125 of the complete series, Limburg an der Lahn 2001, p. 250.
  7. ↑ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke (Ed.): New general German Adels-Lexicon , Volume 1, Leipzig 1859, p. 46 and GHdA Adelslexikon Volume XII, Volume 125 of the complete series, Limburg an der Lahn 2001, p. 251.
  8. ^ Hugo Saurma, Freiherr von und zu der Jeltsch: Book of Arms of Silesian Cities and Towns , Berlin 1870, p. 55 f.
  9. ^ A b Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : New Preussisches Adels-Lexicon , Volume 3, Leipzig 1837, p. 255.
personal data
SURNAME Sapieha, Jan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sapieha, Jan Kazimierz (full name); Сапега, Ян Казимир (Russian); Sapieha, Johann Casimir (German)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Lithuanian Grand Hetman, Russian Field Marshal
DATE OF BIRTH 1675
DATE OF DEATH February 22, 1730
Place of death Rawitsch