Large calyx hawthorn

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Large calyx hawthorn
Flowers and leaves of the large calyx hawthorn (Crataegus rhipidophylla)

Flowers and leaves of the large calyx hawthorn ( Crataegus rhipidophylla )

Systematics
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Spiraeoideae
Tribe : Pyreae
Sub tribus : Pome fruit family (Pyrinae)
Genre : Hawthorns ( Crataegus )
Type : Large calyx hawthorn
Scientific name
Crataegus rhipidophylla
Gand.
Leaves of the long-cup hawthorn
Flowers of the long-calyzed hawthorn

The large calyx hawthorn ( Crataegus rhipidophylla ), also called long calyx hawthorn , is a plant species of the pome fruit family (Pyrinae) within the rose family (Rosaceae). It is one of six hawthorn species found in Central Europe .

description

The large calyx hawthorn grows as a large shrub or small tree and can reach heights of up to nine meters. The branches are reinforced with spikes . Its 3 to 5 centimeters long leaves are curved. All leaf lobes are finely serrated, sometimes only the section from the petiole to the tip of the first leaf lobe. The stipules of flowering shoots are provided with numerous teeth and glandular heads.

It blooms in June with white, strikingly smelling flowers. The long-calyzed hawthorn always has narrow, lanceolate to linear sepals. These remain on the fruit until ripe, they are then turned back (subspecies rhipidophylla ) to erect (subspecies lindmanii ). The flowers always contain only one style , except with two styluses rarely occur with central flowers of inflorescence on. The apple fruits ripen in August and September and often stay on the tree until spring. They are red, 0.9 - 1.5 centimeters long, always contain only one core and taste sour and sweet; the pulp is yellow and floury. The shape of the fruit is round to ovoid in the rhipidophylla subspecies and more cylindrical in the lindmanii subspecies .

The number of chromosomes is .

Occurrence

The distribution area of ​​the large calyx hawthorn is mainly the lowlands and low mountain ranges of temperate continental Europe. It can be found both in hedges outside the forest, on the edge of the forest and in clear places within deciduous forests ; it is the most shade-friendly of the hawthorn species found in Central Europe. This hawthorn is absent in alluvial forests . He is a character-type of association Galio Carpinetum , as he comes in Stellario-Carpinetum and Carici-Fagetum and in Prunetalia societies before.

Systematics

Synonyms for Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand. are Crataegus rosiformis Janka and Crataegus curvisepala Lindm.

The large calyx hawthorn and the other hawthorn species occurring in Central Europe are so similar that Carl von Linné himself only assumed the existence of one species, which he called Crataegus oxyacantha .

The variety of shapes was classified into two subspecies by Knud Ib Christensen for the German-speaking area , the common large-calyx hawthorn ( Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand. Ssp. Rhipidophylla ) and Lindman's hawthorn ( Crataegus rhipidophylla ssp. Lindmanii ( Hrab.-Uhr. ) KI Chr. ). However, in another view, Lindman's hawthorn is a distinct species.

Because of the complexity of the intra-species relationships, the frequent crossings and the smooth transitions between the subspecies as well as the occurrence of polyploid specimens, which may form clone populations , some botanists advocate the various subspecies as an aggregated species Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand. to summarize sl .

literature

  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , p. 293 f.
  • Erich Oberdorfer: Plant-sociological excursion flora . 7th edition Stuttgart, Ulmer 1994, p. 506 ff.
  • Large calyx hawthorn. In: FloraWeb.de.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ GH Loos: Crataegus . In: Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of fern and flowering plants in Germany . Stuttgart, Ulmer 2000, p. 293 f.

Web links

Commons : Großkelchiger Hawthorn  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files