Great stone graves from Gnewitz

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The six surviving of the nine great stone graves from Gnewitz are located in two fields south-east of Gnewitz , in Ticino in the Rostock district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Systems 1 to 4 are located in a row east of a dirt road, systems 5 and 6 are to the west. Three are passage graves with the Sprockhoff numbers. 350 to 352. The other three (two extended dolmens , a passage grave and a megalithic bed without a chamber ) are Neolithic megalithic complexes without language numbers. All originated between 3500 and 2800 BC. BC as plants of the funnel cup culture (TBK). “Neolithic monuments are an expression of the culture and ideology of Neolithic societies. Their origin and function are considered to be the hallmarks of social development ”. The passage grave is a form of Neolithic megalithic systems, which consists of a chamber and a structurally separated, lateral passage. This form is primarily found in Denmark, Germany and Scandinavia, as well as occasionally in France and the Netherlands.

Gnewitz 6

Gnewitz 1 (Spr.-No. 350)

Seen from the path, this east-west oriented passage grave in the megalithic bed is the first of the four eastern structures. The eight-meter-long chamber lies in a roughly 20-meter-long, still halfway complete enclosure (29 preserved - 12 assumed), length and width almost in the middle. Of the chamber, which ends like an apse on both sides , all the supporting stones as well as three complete and one half cap stones are still present (of five). On it were by Ewald Schuldt and 13 bowls found. The 1.5 m high, 8.0 m long and 2.0 m wide chamber is divided into five quarters . The floorboard made of pebbles , red sandstone slabs, annealed flint and a clay screed . The approximately three meter long, largely preserved corridor connects to the south.

The archaeological investigation carried out by Ewald Schuldt in 1965 revealed that the facility had been re-used by those responsible for the single grave and spherical amphora culture . In addition to bones and charcoal and 315 shards, there were 42 blades , 35 cross cutters , 29 amber beads (13 of which were double-axed ), six double-conical vessels, five funnel shells, four striking stones , three drills each, thick-nosed axes , blade scrapers and chisels, two flat axes each, scrapers , Shoulder vessels, wide mouth vessels and a gouge . Large numbers of cuts were found on a capstone of the passage grave. None of them have been retouched, so they represent stroke waste.

Gnewitz 2 (Spr.-No. 351)

Seen from the path, this east-west oriented passage grave in the megalithic bed is the second of the four eastern structures. The eight-meter-long chamber lies in a more than 20-meter-long, still halfway complete enclosure (five stones are missing), offset along its length to the east. All bearing stones are still present from the chamber, which ends like an apse on both sides, is 1.2 m high and around 2.0 m wide. Of the five cap stones, two are in the chamber and three next to the eastern narrow side. The floorboard made of pebbles , annealed flint and a clay screed is divided into five quarters . In the south, the approximately three meter long, almost complete corridor connects. The complex was excavated and restored by E. Schuldt in 1965.

In addition to bones, charcoal and five shards, there were 33 amber beads (12 of which were double-axed), 14 cross cutters , seven blades, three flat axes, as well as a small chisel and a boar's tusk.

Gnewitz 3 (Spr.-No .: 352)

Seen from the path, this north-west-south-east oriented passage grave in Rollsteinhügel is the third of the four eastern structures. Only five bearing stones (one heavily tilted outwards) and a presumably remote capstone have been preserved from the complex. The chamber was about six meters long, 1.3 m high and 2.0 m wide. The board consists of pebbles , annealed flint and a clay screed. The approximately three-meter-long corridor connects to the southwest. The complex was excavated and restored by E. Schuldt in 1965. The archaeological investigation revealed that the facility had been re-used by the bearers of the individual grave culture and the spherical amphora culture . In addition to bones, charcoal and 45 shards, there were 18 blades, 24 cross cutters, seven amber beads (one of which was double-axed), five striking stones, two individual grave beakers, hollow and narrow chisels and a piece of thick-nosed ax, drill, spherical amphora, funnel bowl, barrel-shaped and double-conical Vessel.

Gnewitz 4 (without language number)

Seen from the path, this east-west oriented "barren bed without a chamber" is the last of the four eastern structures. It is about 30 m behind Gnewitz 3 on the same tree island. The disturbed rectangular enclosure of the facility was able to be reconstructed to a length of around 20 meters and a width of five meters. 14 of the original 33 curbs have been preserved. During the excavation carried out by Ewald Schuldt in 1965, an earth grave was found in the center of the enclosure, with an oval, trough-like layering about 2.6 m long and 1.2 m wide, mostly head-sized pebbles and a megalith, around the dead lying in a stretched position was packed. The stratification is different from the megalithic bed without a chamber of Rothenmoor 1 , only partially sunk into the natural soil. It was probably covered with wood and covered with earth. The surface of the bed was given a coat of small field stones, some of which were multilayered. Only an amphora, an arrowhead with a shaft and a funnel cup came to light.

Gnewitz 5 (without language number)

Seen from the path, this north-west-south-east oriented system in the small, round rolling stone hill of the “extended dolmen” type is the last of the two western systems. From this trapezoidal structure, the supporting stones on the long sides (east side complete), the only end stone, a capstone and several parts of the entrance have been preserved. The chamber is approximately 2.8 m long, 1.0 m high and 1.5 - 1.0 m wide. The hall consists of pebbles and has a quarter. The approximately 0.7 m long axial corridor of four bearing stones and a preserved capstone connects to the southeast.

The facility was excavated by E. Schuldt in 1965. The archaeological investigation showed that the facility was used by the bearers of the individual grave culture . In addition to 44 broken pieces, there were nine blades, three cross cutters, two double-ax-shaped amber beads, a striking stone, a narrow chisel, a flat ax, an arrowhead, a flint saw and a shoulder hilt.

Gnewitz 6 (without language number)

There are still some stones on the overgrown hill, but they do not reveal any structures. The facility is the front of the two west of the path.

See also

literature

  • Luise Lorenz: Ceramic lifetimes and the useful life of northeast German megalithic graves. In: Martin Hinz, Johannes Müller (eds.): Settlement, trench works, large stone grave. Studies on the society, economy and environment of the funnel cup groups in northern Central Europe (= early monumentality and social differentiation. Volume 2). Rudolf Habelt Verlag, Bonn 2012, ISBN 978-3774938137 , pp. 61-86 ( online ).
  • Ewald Schuldt : The chamberless giant bed of Gnewitz, Rostock district. In: Ground monument maintenance in Mecklenburg. Yearbook 1966. 1967, pp. 20-25.
  • Ewald Schuldt: The extended dolmen of Gnewitz, Rostock district. In: Ground monument maintenance in Mecklenburg. Yearbook 1966. 1967, pp. 29-45.
  • Ewald Schuldt: The Mecklenburg megalithic graves. German Science Publishing House, Berlin 1972.
  • Ewald Schuldt, Günter Wetzel : The passage graves of Gnewitz, Rostock district. In: Ground monument maintenance in Mecklenburg. Yearbook 1966. 1967, pp. 113-181.
  • Ernst Sprockhoff : Atlas of the megalithic tombs of Germany. Part 2: Mecklenburg - Brandenburg - Pomerania. Rudolf Habelt Verlag, Bonn 1967, pp. 15-17.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ J. Müller In: Varia neolithica VI 2009 p. 15
  2. ↑ The distribution area of ​​this pearl shape is limited to the northern group and the eastern part of the western group of the TBK with a focus on North Jutland and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, where they mainly come from megalithic graves

Web links

Coordinates: 54 ° 4 ′ 24 ″  N , 12 ° 31 ′ 35 ″  E