Great stone grave Havelte 1

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Great stone grave Havelte 1 Hunebed D53
The large stone grave D53 near Havelte

The large stone grave D53 near Havelte
Great stone grave Havelte 1 (Netherlands)
Red pog.svg
Coordinates 52 ° 47 '32.9 "  N , 6 ° 13' 4.9"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 47 '32.9 "  N , 6 ° 13' 4.9"  E
place Westerveld , OT Havelte , Drenthe , The Netherlands
Emergence 3300 to 2760 BC Chr.
van Giffen no. D53

The large stone grave Havelte 1 (also called Havelteberg ) is a megalithic grave complex of the Neolithic western group of the funnel cup culture (TBK) near Havelte , a district of Westerveld in the Dutch province of Drenthe . It was archaeologically examined in 1918 under the direction of Albert Egges van Giffen . The grave bears the Van Giffen number D53.

location

The grave is located north of Havelte on Hunebeddenweg. The Havelte 2 large stone grave (D54) is about 150 m to the east.

Research history

The grave was first mentioned in 1732 by Andries Schoemaker . In the same year Cornelis Pronk made a drawing. Abraham de Haen drew the grave in 1737. In 1918 Albert Egges van Giffen documented the site for his atlas of the Dutch large stone graves and carried out a complete excavation. During the Second World War , the stones of the passage grave were buried and a landing strip was built. The airfield was bombed in 1944 and 1945. After the war, the facility was rebuilt in its original location. That this was possible is thanks to precise drawings from the 1918 excavation. In 1991 a restoration took place. Since 1997 the complex has been a national monument ( Rijksmonument ).

description

The complex is an east-north-east-west-south-west oriented passage grave . Ten stones are still preserved from the enclosure. At the time of the excavation there were 14, four stones have now disappeared. The footprints of a further 16 missing surrounding stones were found during the excavation. Originally, the enclosure probably consisted of over 40 stones. The stone wreath of the enclosure marks the base of the original mound of the plant. The burial chamber has a length of 18.9 m and a width of 4.4 m. It is therefore the large stone grave with the second largest burial chamber in the Netherlands, only that of the large stone grave Borger (D27) is larger. The chamber of D53 has ten wall stones on the north and eleven on the south long side. There is a capstone on the eastern narrow side. The number of three end stones on the western narrow side is unique in the Netherlands. All nine capstones are still preserved and have been on the wall stones again since the restoration in 1991. The floor of the chamber consisted of flat boulders and a layer of burnt granite chippings . The access to the chamber is in the middle of the southern long side. In front of this is a corridor made of two pairs of wall stones and a capstone. The entrance floor was made of pebbles . There is a threshold stone ( drempelsteen in Dutch ) between the corridor and the chamber .

Finds

During the excavation, fragments of 665 vessels were found in a 35 cm thick layer. No other megalithic barrow in the Netherlands has found more pottery. The pottery dates from levels 3–7 of Anna Brindley 's typological system of the Western Beaker Group. This corresponds to the period 3300–2760 BC. . BC Other finds were three Feuerstein - axes , an arrowhead , a Hammeraxt , three jet - pearls and amber pearl.

See also

literature

  • Jan Albert Bakker : The TRB West Group. Studies in the Chronology and Geography of the Makers of Hunebeds and Tiefstich Pottery. Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1979, ISBN 978-90-70319-05-2 .
  • Jan Albert Bakker: The Dutch Hunebedden. Megalithic Tombs of the Funnel Beaker Culture. International Monographs in Prehistory, Ann Arbor 1992, ISBN 1-87962-102-9 .
  • Jan Albert Bakker: Megalithic Research in the Netherlands, 1547-1911. From 'Giant's Beds' and 'Pillars of Hercules' to accurate investigations. Sidestone Press, Leiden 2010, ISBN 9789088900341 , p. 225 ( online version ).
  • Evert van Ginkel , Sake Jager, Wijnand van der Sanden: Hunebedden. Monuments van een steentijdcultuur. Uniepers, Abcoude 1999, ISBN 978-9068252026 , p. 191.
  • Albert Egges van Giffen : De Hunebedden in Nederland , 3 volumes. Oosthoek, Utrecht 1925.
  • G. de Leeuw: Onze hunebedden. Gids before Drentse hunebedden en de Trechterbekerkultuur . Flint 'Nhoes, Borger 1984.
  • Wijnand van der Sanden , Hans Dekker: Gids voor de hunebedden in Drenthe en Groningen . WBooks, Zwolle 2012, ISBN 978-9040007040 .
  • Nynke de Vries: Excavating the Elite? Social stratification based on cremated remains in the Dutch hunebedden. Master thesis, Groningen 2015 ( online ).
  • Jürgen E. Walkowitz: The megalithic syndrome. European cult sites of the Stone Age (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe. Vol. 36). Beier & Beran, Langenweißbach 2003, ISBN 3-930036-70-3 .

Web links

Commons : Großsteingrab Havelte 1  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed: 508040 te Havelte
  2. ^ Anna L. Brindley: The typochronology of TRB West Group pottery. In: Palaeohistoria. Volume 28, 1986, pp. 93-132 ( online ).
  3. ^ Annual figures corrected according to Moritz Mennenga : Between Elbe and Ems. The settlements of the funnel beaker culture in northwest Germany (= early monumentality and social differentiation. Volume 13). Habelt, Bonn 2017, ISBN 978-3-7749-4118-2 , p. 93 ( online ).