Greetings (spoken language)

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The greeting is one of the routine formulas of phraseologism . It is a group of words (formula) that signals a communicative relationship between at least two conversation partners as part of the greeting . Every written or spoken language provides the necessary linguistic inventory for the formation of greeting or farewell formulas. In this way, a formal distinction is made between more gestural greetings and spoken or written greetings in interpersonal interaction .

Procedures or mostly formulaic phrases are used as elementary means . The German “Hallo!” And the English “hi!” Are typical procedures, i.e. linguistic units of action, which are located below the level of the speech act. In the case of the greeting, they are meaningless, are self-sufficient and yet control the listener. (Also: The procedures used in the salutation have no propositional content and, according to Bühler, have an expeditive and self-sufficient character.) The use of idioms, in turn, transmits content on the semantic level, but the speaker is not necessarily subject to that otherwise in the ( illocutionary ) Speech act presupposed condition of sincerity . A greeting spoken as “Are you okay?” Does not necessarily have to be inspired by the speaker's concern for the person addressed. The greetings are usually well-meaning wishes, questions about the state of health or other positive idiomatic expressions, which can be linked to a certain form of address as required, such as "Good evening, Mr. Huber".

The adequate termination of the contact is just as important as the reception and thus an important part of the phatic act . This is what the actants turn a rich arsenal of farewell formula n for adoption available.

In the past, well-elaborated sequences were part of neat handling. Greetings and farewells were strictly regulated. Each of the communication partners was assigned fixed partial formulas in a standardized system, which were primarily defined by their social rank. Rule-conscious negotiators were necessary when different groups of the social hierarchy came into contact with one another. In the area of ​​correspondence, writers took care of the rules.

Examples

Greetings (partly regional)

  • All day:
    • What's up? (How are you, how are you? Often used in colloquial speech to greet)
    • Where on the way
    • "Hello!" - Variants:
      • Hallole, Halloele, Hallöchen, Hallihallohallöle (colloquial, regional)
    • Hello ! Greetings used in Bavaria, Baden, Swabia and Austria
    • Greetings from God!
    • Servant! Greeting in Itzgründisch (southern Thuringia)
    • Have the honor (Madame)! (In films also an invitation to dance)
    • Hello ! (In old Bavaria, Swabia and Austria - greeting in old Bavaria and Austria - farewell formula), casually also ser's, seas
    • Greetings! (Ave!)
    • Greetings ! (Colloquial expression in Old Bavaria and Austria)
    • Gude ! (Colloquial expression, relatively common in Hessen)
    • Yo! or just "oh" (colloquial expression, used in the Rheingau)
    • Good ones! (Colloquial expression, Gouden rather Low German (Moselle Franconian), whereby it is important to ensure that "ou" is a very short O instead of speaking a longer U and speaking the last syllable only briefly. It is therefore more likely to be swallowed.)
    • Moin (see there for details and evidence), regional all-day greeting, sometimes also farewell, in other regions only morning greeting, etymology unclear, documented in 1828 in the Berlin Conversations Journal for poetry, literature and criticism . Variants and other spellings include:
      • Mojn
      • Moins
      • Meun
      • Moin Moin (Moinmoin, Moimoin and others)
      • Moiën, Moien, Mojen
      • Moin tame, Moins tame, Moi tame
      • Hello
      • Moiner, Moiners
    • Grüezi or Grüezi miteinand '/ Grüessech (mitenang) (Swiss greeting)
    • Luck up ! (in mining regions, also commonly used)
    • Mountain free! (Mountaineers, especially in the Friends of Nature clubs)
  • all-day greetings with " Heil " (German translation of "Salve!") as a component:
  • In the morning
    • Good Morning!
    • French Bonjour, monsieur!
  • at noon
    • Blessed meal!
    • Meal !
    • Bon appetit, spoiled good appe!
  • noon and afternoon
  • in the evening
    • Good evening!
    • 'Good evening! Short form of Good Evening, was also used by the Mainzelmännchen to start the evening program.
  • Foreign language
    • volley
    • Aloha !
    • Salu! Salute! (French greeting for greeting and farewell; also widespread in German-speaking Switzerland, in Saarland and in southern Baden (sali))
    • Hi!
    • Ahoy !
    • Ciao (ital.) (Variant: chou, tschau, chiau, ciau)
    • Salaam ! (Arabic), Hebrew shalom! : Peace be with you)!
    • Greek kala isä? (= Are you okay?)
    • Beautiful morning, isn't it?
    • Greek Χαίρετε. "Rejoice!" (Sg .: Χαίρε) greeting and farewell formula
    • Hoi (Switzerland / Liechtenstein)
    • ¿Qué onda? ke ohnda (a greeting used in Mexico to greet young people)
    • saluton! (Esperanto)
  • Group-specific (examples)

see: Professional greetings

swell

  • Florian Coulmas : Routine in conversation. For a pragmatic foundation of idioms. Akademische Verlags-Gesellschaft-Athenaion, Wiesbaden 1981, ISBN 3-7997-0798-0 ( Linguistic Research 29), (At the same time: Düsseldorf, Univ., Habil.Schr., 1981).
  • Helmut Glück (Ed.): Metzler Lexicon Language. 2nd revised and expanded edition. Metzler, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-476-01519-X .

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mountain free! - Why the NaturFreunde greeting is more contemporary than ever | Friends of Nature in Germany | Association for environmental protection, soft tourism, sport and culture. Accessed July 31, 2019 .