Gugger (Zollikon)
The Gugger is a group of houses on Lake Zurich in Zollikon , Canton of Zurich , Switzerland . It is first mentioned in a document in 1434.
location
The Gugger still consists of two houses today. They are located at Seestrasse 119 and 121-125 on the border with Goldbach . The group of houses used to be called "Vorderer Gugger"; the “Hintere Gugger” (also “Bubiker Gugger”) stood 60 meters further down town on the site of the former old people's and care center in Zollikon.
Surname
There is no clear evidence of where the name “Gugger” comes from. It could go back to the cuckoo , which was perhaps heard particularly often earlier in this area, or it could come from a hill above the group of houses from which one had a wide view (lookout) over the lake.
history
14th to 17th centuries
The two Guggers were peasant fiefs without any obligation to serve as knight at the knight house in Bubikon . The Johanniterstrasse, which leads up from the old people's home to Guggerstrasse, and the Johanniter coat of arms on a wall of the home still remind of the knight's house.
In the second half of the 14th century, the Ritterhaus acquired Rebberge in Zollikon and Küsnacht : In 1376 the Zolliker brothers Rudolf and Jakob Kienast sold the “St. Johann Orden “Land on the Golden Halde. In the following years, the Bubikon House acquired further vineyards as well as fields and meadows in the area. In 1434 the Gugger estate is mentioned for the first time, in which there was a trot , which was probably the rear Gugger. It cannot be ruled out that this trot with buildings was built immediately after the vineyards were acquired. In any case, the oldest buildings in the Gugger were built between 1367 and 1434.
In the document of 1434 it is recorded that Heini Bühler von Zollikon, serf of the Bubikon family, received an estate with a house, farmstead and tree garden, 5½ Jucharten vineyards as well as fields and meadows from the governor of the Bubikon knight house ; The rights and duties of the feudal man were regulated in detail. That the house and farmstead are actually the Vorderen Gugger can be seen from a document from 1506, in which a feudal man has to mortgage his inheritance to pay a debt. The promissory note is issued ... on his inheritance, house, farm and 4 Juchart vines located on the Gugger and 1 Juchart vines on the Guldinhalde (today Goldhalde) and ½ Mannwerch Wiesen up in the village of Zollikon ...
The Büeler, later also called Keritz or Keretz, managed the Gugger until around 1570. After the death of the last Keretz around 1570, the Gugger first went to a Hottinger. In 1608 he replaced the dilapidated building with a new wooden one at his own expense and assumed that the knight's house would contribute to the expenses. However, the request was rejected and in May 1610 Hottinger had to sell the fiefdom to a Werni Bertschinger due to economic hardship.
After Bertschinger's death in 1639, Gugger was taken over by Mathias Bleuler (1602–1669) and his son Heinrich (married to Verena Kienast, died 1691), the ancestors of the psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler . After the marriage of their sons Abraham (1654–1728) and Jacob (1657–1725), living conditions in the Gugger became scarce and around 1678 an annex was built on the lake side.
18th and 19th centuries
In 1726, after a lengthy exchange of letters with the Johannitern, in which there was a dispute over who had to pay what, the Gugger was rebuilt or rebuilt. It was a half-timbered house with a partially basement on a stone foundation, the walls of which were partially taken over from the previous building. The basement of this building still exists today. It is only just above the lake water level, and below it during high tide. The wall thickness is 115 centimeters at the bottom and around 80 centimeters further up.
In 1727, the Bleuler couple and their nine children moved into the new Gugger, which consisted of an upper, older part and, slightly to the north, a lower, newer part. Their descendants still inhabit the Vorderen Gugger today.
A third, completely bricked building appears for the first time in a fire insurance company file from 1812, which was probably built around 1800 on a previous building. In the west corner of the house at Seestrasse 121, there was also a smaller half-timbered house, the year of which is unknown. In 1839 it was canceled without replacement.
Around 1800, the butcher and church caretaker Johannes Bleuler (1777-1851) set up a wine tavern in the upper (today middle) part of the building and in 1904 paid an annual fee of CHF 36 for it. For the years 1839 and 1840, a food patent was also obtained and a spacious hall for events was set up in the upper part of the house; evidently the operators were hoping for numerous visitors with the construction of the Seestrasse. However, this does not seem to have been the case, because in 1843 business operations were stopped again.
After the construction of the Seestrasse in 1838, the Gugger was no longer directly on the lake, but was separated from it by the new street. The old footpath ran up the mountain behind the houses, as can be seen on the Zollikommer ban .
It is not known when the town-facing barn (Seestrasse 119) was built. In 1839 it stood in the way of the construction of the Seestrasse. It was demolished and rebuilt a few meters uphill and turned a little.
The middle section of the Gugger as it is today, built around 1800, is the oldest. The lake-side part, Seestrasse 121, was demolished in 1812 and rebuilt as a stone structure in 1813. The wash house was built around 1814, the third, topmost part of the house (Seestrasse 125) with a several meters deep wine cellar was built in 1830. The fact that the Gugger was built in stages is shown by a ledge between the lower and middle houses and a slight bend between these houses. Around 1800, after the Kommende Bubikon had sold its property, the Gugger passed into private ownership.
Silk weaving
In 1840 the then 25-year-old Eduard Bleuler (1815-1856) took over the silk manufacture from his father Hans Rudolf Bleuler (1780-1839). In 1845 he converted the lower part of the barn into a weaving room, partly bricked, partly as a half-timbered building.
In 1855 this part of the house was replaced by a completely bricked building, and Wilhelm Weber, a relative on his mother's side, entered the business as a partner. From then on the company was called "Weber & Bleuler".
On October 25, 1856, Eduard Bleuler drowned in Lake Zurich at the age of 41. The business was continued under Wilhelm Weber, who bought the barn and house at Seestrasse 121 in 1859. Johann Rudolf Bleuler (1823–1898, married to Pauline Bleuler (1829–1898)), who had previously worked with silk waste and the father of the later professor of psychiatry, Eugen Bleuler , worked in the company for a while before turning to the care of vines and fruit trees . Wilhelm Weber went bankrupt with the silk company and moved to America. The silk weaving was probably operated until shortly after 1900.
Ten years after Eduard Bleuler's accidental death, the property was taken over by a not closely related Jacob Bleuler (1796–1879), who became the school board member in Zollikon.
20th century
Jacob Bleuler's daughter sold house no. 121 to Rudolf Wunderli-Pfrunder in 1901. Later it came to Hans A. Schlatter-Wunderli, who ran a factory for welding machines in his house and barn. At that time the house was called "Zur Seerose". After the Second World War, the production of the machines was relocated to Schlieren , and the son Hans Schlatter sold house no. 121 to the trustee Elmar Birgelen, who still lives in it today.
Theodor Bleuler (1834–1907), Zolliker mayor and member of the Zurich Cantonal Council , married to Louise Pfenninger (1831–1900), was the last farmer to manage the estates of the Vorderen Gugger. Theodor's sister was Eugen Bleuler's mother. The great-grandchildren and great-great-grandchildren of Theodor and Louise Bleuler still live in the Gugger and on Guggerstrasse today. The psychiatry professor Eugen Bleuler lived with his parents in the Gugger until the end of his medical studies, where a plaque commemorates him.
The rear Gugger
In contrast to the Vorderen Gugger, which was awarded as an inheritance , the Rear Gugger was a handholding that was only awarded for a certain period of time and then had to be renewed.
The rear Gugger was probably first in the hands of Joss Meyer, who died around 1373. The next information comes from 1492, when a fiefdom was renewed for a Fritz Breitiner, who must have had it before. In the Reformation, the city seems to Zurich to have taken over the rear Gugger to his earning the parish priest of Bubikon to remunerates: Pastor Hans Brennwald writes 1527: You git me 13 mütt seeds, 6 malter haber 6 bucket win and 100 sheaves strow and I have to hand the win in the Gugger . In 1536, the rear Gugger was returned to the knight's house on condition that the pastor would be paid for it.
In 1639 the Order awarded the Rear Gugger to Jakob Bertschinger, whose brother ran the Front Gugger for fourteen years. However, Bertschinger seems to have died before the deadline or to have renounced the fiefdom, because in 1648 the estate was lent to a Hans Heinrich Thomann for six years. After that the ownership structure was confused, because in 1713 Thomann sold the Bubikon house, among other things, a barn, pigsty and well.
After the abolition of the Kommende Bubikon in 1789, the Grand Prior Johann Josef Benedikt von Reinach sold goods, income and sovereign rights in Bubikon to the Zurich Hans Georg Escher zu Berg am Irchel , who sold the Hinteren Gugger to the Zolliker Säckelmeister Hans Heinrich Ernst (1734–1793 ). His descendant, Major Hans Heinrich Ernst (1842–1923), who remained unmarried, bequeathed the property to the Zollikon community with the stipulation that the Hinteren Gugger should be converted into a retirement or convalescent home, which also happened after the Major's death in 1923.
The old people's home in the Hinteren Gugger was demolished in 1969 and the buildings were no longer up to date. In its place, the community built the “Am See” residential and care center.
In the rear of the Gugger stood the last trot of Zollikon, a large spindle trot with a 14-meter-long trunk tree and a spindle height of five meters. It was in operation until 1912.
The Gugger on illustrations
In contrast to other buildings in the area such as the Traubenberg or the Goldbacherhof in Goldbach, there is no historical individual illustration of the Gugger.
The oldest depiction, on which the Gugger is shown, is the panorama of the right bank of Lake Zurich by Johann Jacob Hofmann from 1772. The buildings of the Hinteren Gugger are connected with a wall, as is the case with the Traubenberg a few hundred meters north today is still the case. Presumably because Hofmann could not see it more precisely from his point of view, he lets the Düggelbach between the Hinterem and Vorderem Gugger flow into Lake Zurich instead of further south or to the right of the Vorderen Gugger. At that time there was a boat landing site between the two estates, which from a distance looked like the mouth of a stream. The buildings are all shown too big, which makes the gaps between them appear too small. The Vordere Gugger is shown as a wide building with a ridge running parallel to the bank. It is not clear whether it was a half-timbered building at that time. Even today, a paragraph between the houses at Seestrasse 121 and 123 indicates the location of an earlier building. A small building is also shown on the lake side.
Another representation can be found in the commander's hall of the knight house in Bubikon, where the last governor Felix Lindinner had murals of the Johanniterhöfe made at that time, including one by Gugger. The illustration, incorrectly labeled Küsnacht - Goldbach, is attributed to Stöffi Kuhn the Younger (1737–1792) and is likely to date from around the same time as Hofmann's. It shows a two or three-part construction; one ridge runs parallel to the lake, the other at right angles to it. The barn in the north is not shown, perhaps it was left out for reasons of space. As with Hofmann, the building has two floors. The upper walls were made of wood.
The Gugger was also shown on the letter paper of the company "Weber & Bleuler", but without the Seestrasse that already existed at the time. The steamship is the Minerva , which first sailed on Lake Zurich in 1835. However, the elements shown, such as the type of masonry and building, do not match in time. It can be assumed that the image should represent the company in the most positive light possible; the viewer should presumably assume that the residential building is the factory building.
Old cards are not very useful. On the Gyger map from 1667, three houses are drawn in a row by the lake: the Hintere Gugger. Another house could be the Front Gugger. On the Zollikommer Bann of 1720, the Gugger is drawn as a long rectangle divided into five sections. Presumably both Guggers were merged. It becomes clear that the Gugger was standing directly on the lake and the path that was otherwise directly on the lake ran behind the buildings.
Lakeshore near Zollikon, drawing by Johann Jakob Hofmann around 1772. From the left Gstaad below the church , Tollen , Traubenberg , Hinterer Gugger, Vorderer Gugger.
Traubenberg (left) and Gugger (center). Depiction from the Ritterhaus Bubikon by Stöffi Kuhn the Younger, around 1770
Gyger map, 1667
Zollikommer ban , 1720
literature
- Walter Letsch in: Zolliker Annual Books 2010 and 2011
- Emil Walder in: Zolliker yearbook 1994
- Urs Bräm: Zollikon - a local customer. 1990
- Albert Heer: Local history Zollikon . 1925
- Alexander Nüesch, Heinrich Bruppacher : The old Zollikon . 1899
Web links
Coordinates: 47 ° 19 '56.8 " N , 8 ° 34' 18.6" E ; CH1903: six hundred and eighty-five thousand six hundred and fifty-two / 243015